Dolly and the New Age of Cloning :: Genetic Engineering Essays

Dolly and the New Age of Cloning The concept of cloning is not new. Organisms ranging from microbes (for example bacteria) and animals (such as aphids and even certain species of shrimp and snails) have practiced asexual reproduction for millions of years, where the offspring are exact duplicates of the parents. It is also not uncommon to encounter identical twins among the more complex life forms like mammals. Twins are in essence clones as they share the same genetic blueprint. What then is so significant about Dolly? In the research paper published by I. Wilmut, W.A. Ritchie, J. McWhir and K.H.S. Campbell (1), Dolly was described as the first known mammal to be cloned by nuclear transfer from a cultured cell line. This technique is revolutionary as it dispelled a dogma in biology that upholds the notion of differentiated cells, being highly specialized, are irreversibly altered to an extent that would render them unable to inter-convert between cell forms (i.e a lymphocyte is not able to produce a nerve cell and vice versa). Dolly is living proof that a differentiated cell, such as one in the udder of sheep, has not only the potential of creating other tissue forms, but the entire living being. The evidence gathered from Dolly also went one step further to establish that organisms produced in such a way were not disadvantaged in their general physiological or reproductive function. Thus the new age of cloning was born with Dolly as its flagship. The success of Dr Ian Wilmut and his team in creating Dolly sparked global interest. This has greatly benefitted science as it has accelerated the rate at which knowledge is assimilated in the field of cloning. Many attempts have been to clone other mammals (for example cows or pigs). However they do not always yield fruitful results. Dolly can be considered to be a success among 277 failures. Indeed of the 277 oocytes used in the experiment, only one yielded a success. The techniques used in cloning would have to be refined before it can be universally applied. We have now uncovered other interesting facts about Dolly and cloning. For example, Dolly is considered to be "older" than her natural counterparts by a measure of the length of her telomeres that was found to be relatively shorter. However Advanced Cell Technology (ACT) of Worcester, Massachusetts, using different techniques than Dr Ian Wilmut and his team, pro duced calves that were found to have longer telomeres (2).

Catcher in the Rye Essay

Holden, the main character of the book Catcher in the Rye by J.D Salinger, had to face many conflicts during the story. These conflicts connect to him either by secondary character or by himself. Not only do this conflicts affect Holden, but if affects the people around him as well. Holden’s attitude became negative because of all the conflicts he faced. â€Å"The first thing you’ll probably ask is where I was born and how my lousy childhood was like†. During his childhood, he was alone with no close friends or family. This affected him because he felt excluded from the society. It also made him feel like he didn’t have any support so that made him go to the city by himself and get into trouble. He didn’t get any support from anyone so he wasn’t told what was wrong and what was right, that was why he smoked and drank. Also since he didn’t have a family who supported him so he never took the school seriously. He was kicked out of four schools because of his bad grades. (Evidence found in Pg. 1) â€Å"I slept in the garage the night he died, and I broke all the goddam windows with my fist, just for the hell of it†. Allies death affected him mentally. It made him very sad at the moment but after a time it made him aggressive and anti-social. (Evidence found in Chapter 5) He criticized everyone. He calls everyone a phony. Thinks other people are followers and are only tricking themselves. So he wants to rebel against the society because they’re making everyone a phony. This attitude made him see everyone in a bad way which made it very difficult for him to make friends. (Evidence found all over the book) He has a Self vs. Self battle throughout the whole book. He wants to be the same person but he doesn’t realize he’s changing. He likes the museum because it never changes. One part of him wants to be an adult (he drinks and smokes and always thinks of sex) while to other part of him rejects it rejects it as a phony. So as you can see, all these conflicts led to his bad, negative attitude. He became aggressive, rebel, and excluded. It also made him problematic and hard to understand. The conflicts implemented some psychological problems on Holden by making him increase his interest in alcohol and drugs.

Loyalty Is A Virtue. As A Family One Goes Thru Good And

Loyalty Is a Virtue As a Family one goes thru good and difficult experiences, but usually family support helps to find a solution or to understand the situation. In â€Å"Brother, I’m Dying† by Edwidge Danticat, Danticat introduces her family and the experiences that she and her close relatives go thru in life. Due to the circumstances Danticat and her bother Bob stay in Haiti almost their entire childhood while their parents live in The United States. Although Edwidge’s parents left her and her brother in Haiti with their Uncle Joseph, her father’s brother, and Tante Denise, his wife, for many year, Edwidge still retains loyalty to her parents. Danticat and her brother Bob are raised by Uncle Joseph and Tante Denise since early age.†¦show more content†¦When Danticat is seven years old, her parents return to Haiti. Danticat’s parents do everything is possible to take their kids back and take them to live with them in New York. As soon as h er parents are in Haiti, they go to the consulate to file paperwork for Bob and Danticat’s petition. At first, Danticat does not know how to react towards her parents’ return. Besides the fact she and Bob have not seen her parents in long time, now there are two more members in the family, Kelly and Karl. Danticat does not pursue she feels rejected from her parents, but she recognizes that it is difficult for her to express her feeling to her relatives. She is a caring person, although she is very young, she cares about other people’s feelings. She thinks that if she tells her parents how much she misses them she would hurt them or make them feel guilty for leaving her in Haiti, so she decides to keep her thoughts with her. In society, the individual builds confidence and loyalty with others in his or her surroundings, and it increases because of the relation day by day. In Danticat’s case, she is leaving Haiti for reunite with her parents and brothers in New York. For almost ten years, she has lived with Uncle and Tante Denise, and other children that her Uncle and Tante Denise have looked after, and she has built a relationship with them,Show MoreRelatedEveryman Character Analysis1577 Words   |  7 Pagesdemonstrate that characters of â€Å"Everyman† represent the realities and trials of life in the characters â€Å"God, Death, Everyman, Fellowship, and Good Deed, and need for salvation. Characters are the most indispensable device in the play using â€Å"Everyman† as a sign. â€Å"Everyman† as he is known as could really be anyone because death comes to everyone in this world. One can foresee how this play could be applied to any follower’s conviction, but this play is for all goals, and purposes a Christian cautionaryRead MoreMy Personal Guideline For Success Essay2512 Words   |  11 Pagesin the acronym is loyalty which by army definition means to bear true faith and allegiance to the United States constitution, the army, your unit, and other soldiers. That being said United States soldiers have loyalty not only to their country but every moving piece associated with the United Sates army. For me the personally loyalty to the army is adopting all the army’s standards and accepting other personnel as family the no matter what cannot be broken. Having loyalty towards my countryRead MoreCommunity Assessment Essay5210 Words   |  21 Pages The proportion of the population with Indiana employment-based health insurance benefits in 2009 is 85.8%. According to the US Census Current Population Survey of 2007, employment-based health insurance in Indiana dropped 4.7% during 1999 thru 2006. One of the reasons for the drop was not associated with an increase in unemployment, but was related to working individuals that could no longer afford the rise in health care premiums. State funding for Indiana’s public health for fiscal year