A Project On Civic Rights Education - 1676 Words

DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project entitled Civic Rights Education submitted to the Tribhuwan University, is a record of an original work done by me under the guidance of Mr. Ramesh Man Singh, Faculty Member atCollege of Applied business, and this project work has not performed the basis for the award of any Degree or diploma/ associateship/fellowship and similar project if any. [YOUR NAME] [ENROLMENTNO]] CERTIFICATE FROM THE SUPERVISOR ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES EXECUTIVE SUMMARRY CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Context Information Nepal is one of†¦show more content†¦Participants were mostly, students, employee, businessmen, farmers, etc Three resource people-Dev Raj Dahal, Kashi Raj Dahal, YubarajGhimire and Chandra Dev Bhatta discussed civic education and state building, constitution drafting process, principles of democracy and media’s role in enlightening the citizens about various constitutional issues. Presentations were followed by intensive discussions. 1.2 Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study was to find out the impact of civic education on people’s understanding on how government works and to provide people with knowledge about how to influence government as a citizen. 1.3 Significance of the Study It is hoped that this study will be of significant important to general public i.e the target group of the entire project. To the general public, this study would help to create Civic awareness. Civic awareness refers to the foundation that makes people active participants in the fabric of their community and country as a whole. 1.4 Literature Review This part discusses the useful concepts used in the fields of education, democracy, civic education and importance of civic education. 1.4.1 Definitions and concepts of civic education 1.4.2 IMPORTANCE OF CIVIC EDUCATION 1.4.3 Public Education Principles 1.4.4 EDUCATE THE UBLIC ON THE REASONS OF KNOWING CIVIC EDUCATION 1.4.5 CIVIC EDUCATION AS AN ELEMENT OF ELECTORAL PROCESS The US Department of StateShow MoreRelatedExamining Low Young Voter Turnout1193 Words   |  5 PagesOne of our most, and many would argue, the most valuable rights as citizens of a democracy is our right to vote. It gives us a voice in the direction our elected representatives steer our country. Unfortunately, historically young voters are underrepresented due to their low voting turnout. This came as a shock to me being a young voter myself. Growing up in California I was excited about getting the chance to vote, to have a voice as it were. However, this is clearly not the case for all potentialRead MoreThe generation which sustained democracy through and after the Second World War is dying, and the800 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"A democracy cannot maintain itself without active citizens, and young people cannot live up to their full potential as citizens unless they have been taught how† (Fleming 41). Brookhaven can prepare students to contribute to society by opening a ci vics course that integrates Service Learning programs, allows students to practice freedom, and teaches public discussion and deliberative arts. 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The democratic leader embracesRead Mo reCivic and Citizenship Education in Malaysia2711 Words   |  11 PagesCIVIC AND CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN MALAYSIA SCHOOLS ABSTRACT â€Å"Member States should promote, at every stage of education, an active civic training which will enable every person to gain a knowledge of the method of operation and the work of public institutions, whether local, national or international; and to participate in the cultural life of the community and in public affairs. Wherever possible, this participation should increasingly link education and action to solve problems at the localRead MoreThe Principles Of Convergence For Students871 Words   |  4 Pagessocial change (Komives et al., 2007) or continuous improvement (Fairholm, 1997). Purpose provides a motivation and a direction for leadership. Closely related to this understanding of purpose is ethics. Ethics can be loosely defined as doing the right thing. 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Nike And Sweatshop Practices During Asian Pacific Region

Nike and Sweatshop Practices in Asian Pacific Region The introduction and growth of globalization in the developing world coupled with the rise of Multi-National Corporations have produced an onslaught on factory workers who are forced to work in sweatshops for little or no pay. A business dictionary defines globalization as the worldwide movement towards economic, financial, trade and communications integration. Globalization points towards the opening of local and nationalistic perspectives to a broader outlook of a unified and independent world with free transfer of capital goods and services across national borders. The transfer of these goods and services is done by Multi-National Corporations (MNCs). MNCs continue to move their factories overseas to evade the strict regulatory guidelines that embody employees’ rights and privileges. Moreover, developing countries provide access to a vast pool of cheap labor. Utilizing cheap labor in less developed countries enables MNCs to continue to meet the demands of consumers in the developed countries as well as their bottom line. To gain competitive advantage in the market and increase profits, MNCs conduct business around the world utilizing the availability of cheap labor. Even though government has a part to play in protecting the human and environmental resources within host countries the question is should MNCs be allowed to abuse, exploit and violate the rights of these workers? Throughout the 1990s, Nike wasShow MoreRelatedSummary Article Nikes Dispute with the University of Oregon9247 Words   |  37 PagesEncyclopedia Nike, Inc. is a major publicly traded Public company A publicly-traded company is a company that has permission to offer its registered securities for sale to the general public, typically through a stock exchange, or occasionally a company whose stock is traded over the counter via market makers who use non-exchange quotation services.-Securities... sportswear and equipment supplier based in the United States. The company is headquartered in Beaverton Beaverton, Oregon BeavertonRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesof global economies. Most countries and regions around the world are inextricably linked, yet profound differences in institutional and cultural environments persist. The challenges for international management reflect this dynamism and the increasing unpredictability of global economic and political events. Continued growth of the emerging markets is reshaping the global balance of economic power. Many emerging markets continued to experience growth during a period in which developed countries sawRead MoreStrategic Analysis of Nike Inc12147 Words   |  49 PagesPositionÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….p.30 Strategic PlanÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..p.33 ConclusionÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...p.38 LIST OF EXHIBITS Sales Trends GraphÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…p.5 Net Income Trends GraphÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….p.5 Nike Board of Directors TableÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...p.11 Table of Key Financial RatiosÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...p.22 Net Income Trend GraphÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….Â…..p.24 Primary Strategic Match Position ChartÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..p.30 IndustryRead MoreNike Strategy Analysis12215 Words   |  49 Pagesp.30 Strategic Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.33 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...p.38 LIST OF EXHIBITS 1. Sales Trends Graph†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p.5 2. Net Income Trends Graph†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.p.5 3. Nike Board of Directors Table†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...p.11 4. Table of Key Financial Ratios†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...p.22 5. Net Income Trend Graph†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..p.24 6. Primary Strategic Match Position Chart†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Read MoreNike Marketing Plan Essay7652 Words   |  31 PagesNike Marketing Plan By: Marketing Management Ââ€" MM522 March 2004 Outline I. Executive Summary II. Table of Contents III. Company History IV. Marcoenvironment a. Demographic b. Economic c. Social d. Political e. Technological f. Ecological V. Competitive Advantage a. Industry Environment b. Operating Environment VI. Four Ps of Marketing a. Product b. Place c. Promotion d. Price VII. Core Competencies a. Strengths b. Weaknesses c. Opportunities d. Threats VIII. BusinessRead MoreEffect of Indonesia Belief for Its Economy7708 Words   |  31 PagesASIAN STUDIES GROUP ASSIGNMENT [pic] â€Å"What Is Indonesia?† [pic] Edwin Sucipto Koeswono 34405019 Indriani Puspitasari 34405024 Herman Soerjadi 34405038 Go Devi Lona 34405042 Gilang Prasetiyo 3440504 Introduction Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world. Indonesia is also considered as largest archipelago which consists of 17,508 islands. For the reason that Indonesia is an archipelago, theRead MorePrinciples of Marketing: Nike Inc9497 Words   |  38 PagesNike’s pricing Strategies 20 Price versus Promotion Matrix 21 Price versus Quality Matrix 22 Place (Distribution) 23 Nike -Direct Marketing 24 Nike - Indirect Marketing (Wholesalers amp; Retailers) 25 Value added services – Intermediaries 25 Distribution strategies 25 Promotion 26 Nike’s promotional strategies 27 Communication Model 28 SWOT ANALYSIS OF NIKE INCORPORATED 30 Strengths: 30 Strong Brand Image 30 Supplier Diversity 30 High Growth 31 Weakness: 31 Recent SetbacksRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesalmost invariably lives of drudge labor in urban sweatshops, on tropical plantations, or on the wharves of an expansive, global export economy. Throughout the century, advances in human rights, which were spread ever more broadly among different social groups—including women, laborers, INTRODUCTION †¢ 3 ethnic minorities, and gays—made strides that were perhaps greater than all of those achieved in previous history combined. During the same time span, however, state tyranny and brutalRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesdiscussions, and even debates. In the gentle environment of the classroom, students can hone their analytical skills and also their persuasive skills—not selling products but selling their ideas—and defend them against critical scrutiny. This is great practice for the arena of business to come. NEW TO THIS EDITION In contrast to the early editions, which examined only notable mistakes, and based on your favorable comments about recent editions, I have again included some well-known successes. WhileRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesbeen chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow the reader to extend this linking of theory and practice further by analysing the strategic issues of speciï ¬ c organisations in much greater depth – and often providing ‘solutions’ to some of the problems or difï ¬ culties identiï ¬ ed in the case. There are also over 33 classic cases on the Companion Website

Why Did Kristallnacht Take Place Free Essays

1. Both sources appear to contradict each other in terms of content. The first, and most important, question risen form these two sources are which is correct in context of who organised the riots. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did Kristallnacht Take Place? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Source A clearly states that it was a â€Å"mass attack, which he [Goebbels] and the SA were going to launch†. However, there is a clear contravention in Source B: â€Å"The Fuhrer, at Goebbels suggestion†¦ not to be organised by the party†. However, in looking at what had happened, it seems that Goebbels encouraged a nationwide press campaign to help â€Å"stir† trouble. Also, at a dinner to commemorate the Munich Putsch, Goebbels called for von Rath’s death to be avenged. These pieces of evidence do point towards riots conducted by Goebbels. It may have been, as stated in source A, that Goebbels was out of favour with Hitler and that he was trying to win back support from his Fuhrer. In source A however, whether Hitler did â€Å"squeal with delight† and slap his thigh with â€Å"enthusiasm† at the thought of riots against the Jewish minority is contestable. This is because Hitler was surprised by the extent of the pogrom, and may have been awaiting only sporadic bursts of violence from the population and not the SA. Source A, in terms of provenance, appears not to be as accurate as it seems. This is because it is only a summary by an historian nine years after the end of the First World War, and sixteen years after the events of Kristallnacht. Thus, many incidents may have been altered slightly to suit any other evidence this historian may have. Thus, a possible reason for Hitler â€Å"squealing with delight† and slapping his thigh with â€Å"enthusiasm†. However if nothing had been changed, then the very fact that the account was from a journalist, with insight to the â€Å"political behind the scenes† makes the source a significant one. On the other hand, Source B is by the Nazi Supreme Court. However the noteworthy element about this source is the fact that it is secret. Thus, meaning it is not intentionally prepared for use in the â€Å"political outside†. Therefore, there could be some element of truth in it, making it somewhat useful. However, there are some incorrect statements in the source. Consequently, I have come to the conclusion that Source A is the more useful out of the two sources for anybody studying Kristallnacht. This is because the source is a more reliable source in terms of its content. 2. The clear impression conveyed to the reader of source C is that Kristallnacht was calculated, precise attack on the Jews. Also, Mr. Buffman conveys Kristallnacht as a horrific act of terror. Mr. Buffman has written this as a first hand account, thus, many parts are down to opinion: â€Å"all of the local crowds were obviously horrified by the Nazis’ acts†. Mr. Buffman 3. All three sources convey a general meaning about the events of Kristallnacht: an event disgustingly horrific both morally and physically. Source C and E particularly support each other. Both sources mention the fact that SA/SS men in no uniform had â€Å"been provided with hammers, axes and firebombs†, destroying Jewish synagogues, homes and shops. Source C also implies a calculated, organised riot; source E also conveys this as it states that a â€Å"list of names and addresses of all Jewish shops was provided†. Source E also backs up the statement Mr. Buffman made in Source C concerning the action taken by the German population: â€Å"Most German people have nothing to do with these riots†. Source E must be a reliable source to back up Source C as it is seemingly from a civil servant, working in a day-to-day job with political administrators. Source D also talks about the horrors leading up to Kristallnacht, although not in as much detail as in Sources C and E. The German Jew talks of â€Å"acts of terror†, the ‘decrees’ passed on to force Jews to sell their belongings and â€Å"go away†, the ‘decree’ passed on by Hitler to encourage emigration. Thus, source D does insinuate to the calculated and efficient riots that the government did organise. All of these sources are first hand accounts of the attacks on the Jews on Kristallnacht, thus they must be at least accurate, in terms of what they have interpreted to have witnessed. In looking at the chronology of events leading up to and after Kristallnacht, it seems that the ‘decrees’ made were there to expel Jews from German society. Kristallnacht seemed to be a coincidence in between these events, with the Nazi’s taking full advantage of this. Examples of which are 1) the Jewish minority being forced to pay compensation after the events of Kristallnacht 2) Jews forbidden to visit theatres, cinemas or concerts and 3) expulsion of all Jewish pupils from their schools. The purpose of sources C, D and E is a united one; a need to convey the horrific events, and the truth behind the smoke-screen of newspaper headlines: â€Å"a spontaneous wave of anger†¦ cowardly Jewish murder of Von Rath in Paris† How to cite Why Did Kristallnacht Take Place?, Papers

Con pornography Essay Example For Students

Con pornography Essay As the amount and severity of sexually explicit materials grows in our society questions of these materials hurting people have risen. It is said that men get explicit ideas from certain types of music, movies, and pornography. As a result of these explicit ideas, men force women into what they want them to do and to degrade them. The idea that men use force in their relations due to pornographic substances is preposterous. Men who use force in their relations with women have done so for centuries before the camera was invented (Pally 24). It is obvious that men have abused women before pornography but people still say that some of abuse against women is a result of pornography.Pornography has many positive aspects some are commonly overlooked. In the debate over the issue of pornography and its negative characteristics, rarely does anyone hear the benefits that society has from pornography. Pornography has been seen to help relationships and create more stable and long lasting marriages (Christensen 311). People have preset beliefs about pornography without ever looking at the facts. The belief that pornography is evil in itself is simply wrong (Christensen 309). Although sometimes thought otherwise, pornography is not harmful to women and has many positive effects, such as helping relationships and creating more stable and longer lasting marriages.Pornography has been around ever since people began to mold clay into human shapes (Cothran, 15). Eventually people began to paint pictures of women in the nude as a form of art. This was also initially seen as crude and as an early form of pornography. Eventually with the invention of the printing press, pornography could easily be given out among the masses, which brought about controversy. In the 1700s an English editor Thomas Bowdler, removed passages from Shakespeare because he thought they were obscene (Cothran,15). Continuing the pornographic evolution was the VCR. The high accessibility to a VCR in the 1980s started the X-rated video market. Today the Internet has millions of pictures, movies, and online catalogs of sex movies for anyone to access creating an even deeper mountain of deliberation on the issue. In response to pornography, society has tried to come to a conclusion that satisfies all, but this seems more and more unreachable due to the fact that there are many different moral and religious views on the subject. Over the years there have been attempts to pass laws on pornography and some have even brought crusades against it. Through all of the controversy there have been many tests to determine if pornography is harmful to society and, the general conclusion of the U. S. Commission was that no adequate proof had been provided that pornography was harmful to individual or society(Simons 143). Also the commission stated for further incidents if a case is to be made out against pornography in 1970 it will have to be made on the grounds other than demonstrated effects of a personal or social nature(Simons 143). As more tests and findings have become uncovered about pornography the controversy began to grow larger. In 1983 the Toronto Task Force on Violence Against Women asked Thelma McCormack, a feminist open to pornography in society, to study pornographys relationship with sexual aggression. Her results showed that pornography might reduce the incidence of rape so her report was discarded (McElroy 85). Numerous tests and government run commissions have been attempted and regardless of the findings, the people choose their own conclusions. There have been several cases about the dangers of pornography, many of which have gone all the way to the U. S. Supreme Court (Showers 21). After the many court cases and trials, 29 cities and the state of Utah have taken hardcore pornography and made it illegal to have (Showers 22). These actions are consistently always under fire because of the possible violations of the First Amendment. A Good Man is Hard to Find Essay In Medieval Europe there were no pornographic magazines or X-rated videotapes for men to release their sexual frustration. Gever says that these cultures that are known for having high instances of rape, did not have a way such as the pornography that society has today and that is why pornography is positive for society as a whole. On the side of the opposition of pornography a common excuse is that rapists and child molesters were driven to commit their crimes by pornography. According to research by The National Research Councils Panel on Understanding and Preventing Violence there is no demonstrated link between pornography and violence against women (Gever 54). This statement continues to push the fact that pornography has become an excuse for other problems in society today. Furthermore, research by Larry Baron and Murray Straus, members of a national feminist organization, shows a negative correlation between pornography and gender violence (Gever 53). It is obviously clear that pornography does not commit any of the evils that it is accused of and has become a scapegoat for societys wrongs. The main goal in the battle with pornography is to stop the continuing sexual violence that is accused of being a result of pornography. A way to help eliminate the sexual violence that is often falsely accredited to pornography is to have better laws for violators of this crime that has large effects on society. Also a way to improve the controversy that floats around pornography would be to have better sex education groups that can teach young adults the relationship of sex and society and themselves (Burstyn 164). It was said best by Varda Burstyn who is a writer on political and cultural issues and has been involved in the womens movement since 1967, when she said, Ending Abuse depends upon changing the way family life is lived in our society(Burstyn 164).Pornography has been and always will be a topic of extreme controversy. People will always have opposing viewpoints on the subject and will feel strongly about it. The relationship between pornography and sexual violence against women is important to society because of the importance of feminism in society. Because women are important so are the crimes that are committed against them. Also, pornography has been subject to accusations that it does not benefit society when it clearly does. There is no doubt that censoring pornography would have an ill effect on society because the ACLU states that, Obscenity laws, especially, have been used to suppress information and art dealing with female sexuality and reproduction(ACLU, 80).If pornography was banned or strictly enforced in America then society would be lacking of the educational values of pornography and of the sexual release that stops and possibly helps prevent sexual violence against women. The main thing that pornography does is generate sexual arousal for men. While it also can produce the same effect for women it is mostly aimed at men. The truth is that pornography does not depict a reality for men but a sexual fantasy. If women in reality always accommodated to the sexual desires of men, if women were in fact full slaves, then the depiction of their accommodations in pornography might not arouse(Soble, 199). The fact that pornography does not paint a picture of reality to the viewer shows that pornography produces a fantasy for a release of built up and possible dangerous sexual frustration. This just goes to show that pornography is seen as a danger to women and society and actually has many positive aspects that help in turn regulate society and women in it.Words/ Pages : 1,961 / 24

Defining Success Essays - Health, Health Promotion, Personal Life

Defining Success Success is every person dream come true. Although, every person has different definition for success. The definition of success is very personal and will be different for everyone. Not everyone is successful if they are not one hundred percent happy with the person they have become. When viewing the definition of success most people will tell you that successful person can be a marriage, good education, health and money. First, is marriage can be successful or unsuccessful based on many different aspect of it. For any marriage to be successful there are certain changes a man and woman have to make. They have to be flexible and open and ready for new experiences and ways of living. There are important concepts that are definitely part of the whole marriage life are children, conflict resolution, outside influence and communication. Although, to having a successful marriage they have to support each other?s whenever and wherever. Next, education is very important for our lives. From the early age parents very often tell to their children that education is very important to find a good job and to having a successful life. Education is the key to our own understanding. Not every person has successful life, most people can?t get education because of, financial, family problems or personal problem. Without education then people wouldn?t have any ideas where to start on how to become a successful. Another way to be a successful is health and money. If you have health problem even money can?t help with that problem. Some people saying that money is the very important and we agree, but without money you can?t do anything and if you healthy you can make money . So money and health are very important to be a successful. Finally, success is what we need to have in our life that marriage, good education, money and health. So whether success is a choice, an accomplishment by other things, a decision, a goal, a dream, a journey. Acquiring true happiness in life and attaining success means having the freedom and capability of doing that which you enjoy and believe to be valuable.

Army Values Ldrship Essays

Army Values Ldrship Essays Army Values Ldrship Essay Army Values Ldrship Essay Bing in the United States Army. we are taught non merely how to equilibrate work and drama. household manner. and calling manner. soldier and civilian manner. but besides many other things about life. and the manner you should move. Like the manner we are taught to ever keep our caput high. no affair what is dragging us down. And the manner we are taught to esteem people. no affair how incorrect the incorrect making was that they had done to us. We are besides taught things such as common courtesies. Thingss that you would believe most people knew how to make already†¦but with the manner society is today. its non surprising it takes the United States Army’s excess boot in the bloomerss to acquire you on path every one time in a piece. Particularly the newer soldiers. In the United States Army. we have certain regulations and ordinances that we live by each and everyday of our lives. There is a few simple ways to retrieve all these regulations and ordinances all jumbled up into one small acronym. ( LDRSHIP ) Let me state you a little more about this acronym. and what each missive means so you yourself can break understand where the Army is coming from in all of this long worded acronym material. Many people might believe that they know what the words Loyalty. Duty. Respect. Selfless Service. Honor. Integrity. and Personal Courage mean. But how frequently do you see person really live up to them? That’s because most people don’t understand the definitions of these words plenty to really integrate them into their mundane life manner. Soldiers learn these values in item during Basic Combat Training ( BCT ) . from so on they are supposed to be populating them every twenty-four hours in everything they do. whether they’re on the occupation or off the occupation. Im traveling to give you the definitions of these seven nucleus Army values below and include a short illustration for them so you can break understand them. and possibly aid others to understand them every bit good. Loyalty Bear true religion and commitment to the U. S. Constitution. the Army. your unit and other Soldiers. Bearing true religion and commitment is a affair of believing in and giving yourself to something or person. A loyal Soldier is one who supports the leading and stands up for fellow Soldiers. By have oning the uniform of the U. S. Army you are showing your trueness. And by making your portion. you show your trueness to your unit. ( Example ) - Lets say a soldier is out of unvarying walking down the street in the center of the dark. He notices some people outside of a corner saloon get downing to contend. This soldier wasn’t the biggest soldier in the universe. so he truly didn’t want to acquire in this battle and seek to halt it. As he is walking by merely seeking to travel rapidly along. he sees that one of the work forces contending is a cat from his unit. Still non desiring to leap in and halt it. he knows he has to. So he does. This is demoing your commitment to your fellow soldiers. No affair how scared he was. he still decided that he had to hold his dorsum at least adequate to halt the battle. Duty Fulfill your duties. Making your responsibility means more than transporting out your assigned undertakings. Duty means being able to carry through undertakings as portion of a squad. The work of the U. S. Army is a complex combination of missions. undertakings and duties. all in changeless gesture. Our work entails constructing one assignment onto another. You fulfill your duties as a portion of your unit every clip you resist the enticement to take shortcuts that might sabotage the unity of the concluding merchandise. ( Example ) - Lets say you are asked to remain after work and assist clean. good everyone knows that cleaning at the terminal of the work twenty-four hours suctions because everyone merely wants to travel place and is tired of being at work. Its your responsibility to make so. so forging an hurt. or forging ill. or forging that you have an assignment truly wouldn’t be making your responsibility. And from what I’ve seen. it happens. even NCO’s do it. Its sad. but it does go on. So remaining and working through the suction. would be an illustration of responsibility. Respect Treat people as they should be treated. In the Soldier’s Code. we pledge to treat others with self ) - Lets say that another soldier has been in a truly bad temper all twenty-four hours. and is shouting at people. and being unproductive. and naming you names. Even if they’re being crumby doesn’t mean you need to be. Like it says above Treat people as they should be treated . So in this state of affairs. you continue to be nice. no affair how they are handling you. Selfless Service Put the public assistance of the state. the Army and your subsidiaries before your ain. Selfless service is larger than merely one individual. In functioning your state. you are making your responsibility loyally without idea of acknowledgment or addition. The basic edifice block of selfless service is the committedness of each squad member to travel a small farther. digest a small longer. and look a small closer to see how he or she can add to the attempt. ( Example ) - Lets say you are finished working in the bay. and everyone is told they can travel place for the twenty-four hours. But you notice that the bay hasn’t been swept or picked up in the last twosome yearss. so you decide to remain and make it before stoping your twenty-four hours. That is an illustration of altruistic service. Honor Live up to Army values. The nation’s highest military award is The Medal of Honor. This award goes to Soldiers who make honour a affair of day ) - Hold your caput high. no affair what you are traveling through. Be proud to set on your unvarying everyday. and besides of whom you are and where you came from. Always do the right thing. Simple as that. Integrity Do what’s right. lawfully and morally. Integrity is a quality you develop by adhering to moral rules. It requires that you do and state nil that deceives others. As your unity grows. so does the trust others place in you. The more picks you make based on unity. the more this extremely prized value will impact your relationships with household and friends. and. eventually. the cardinal credence of yourself. ( Example ) - Lets say you are about to go forth work. and you’re merely about to acquire into your auto when you notice a $ 20 measure on the land next to the drivers door of the auto following to you. You know its non yours but you have truly been fighting on hard currency recently. Deciding to give it to the proprietor is the right thing to make. Personal Courage Face fright. danger or hardship ( physical or moral ) . Personal bravery has long been associated with our Army. With physical bravery. it is a affair of digesting physical duress and at times put on the lining personal safety. Confronting moral fright or hardship may be a long. slow procedure of go oning frontward on the right way. particularly if taking those actions is non popular with others. You can construct your personal bravery by day ) - This goes back to our illustration before of the soldier walking the streets at dark and fillet that saloon battle that his fellow soldier was in. Deciding to leap in and halt it was chilling for him because if you recall he wasn’t the biggest soldier in the universe. So he had to happen the bravery indoors himself to make so. That’s personal bravery These are the seven nucleus Army values. I hope after all of this reading and illustrations that you now better understand these than when you foremost started reading. We soldiers have to populate this twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours. on or off the occupation. It’s a portion of life. the Army life. our life.

Employee retention using lessons from motivation theories Essay

Employee retention using lessons from motivation theories - Essay Example The paper tells that as businesses face the challenge of operating in a tough global economy they have been forced to perform painful layoffs while at the same time seek to retain their high-impact performers. One would expect it to be easier to retain staff amidst this period of economic recovery however the paradox is that there is a shortage of people with the requisite talent that companies need to remain competitive in this tough business environment. This means that the few critical employees that each company seeks to retain are also the ones who are attractive to competitors. The challenge therefore remains in retaining these critical staff. The importance of retaining critical staff cannot be gainsaid. When an employee leaves an organisation the organization loses primarily on the knowledge, skill and experience that the individual had developed over time at his/her present occupation. To fully comprehend the importance of maintaining critical employees Ramlall raises three postulations of the human capital theory. To begin with human capital theory posits that people possess skills, experience and knowledge which represent capital to an organization because they enhance productivity. This means that employees are of economic value to organizations. Secondly, the theory posits that not all labour is equal. Some labour is more valuable than others by the mere fact that more resources have been invested in their training. It is therefore important for the organization to ensure that it retains those on whom it has invested more in developing. Thirdly, investment in building skills among employees would be more profitable and more likely to be undertaken the longer the period over which the returns from the investment can accrue (Ramlall, 2004). This implies that an organisation would derive more value out of its staff if it can train them and then retain them for a significant amount of time within which the staff can use their skills, experience and k nowledge to improve the organization’s processes. Employees possess skills, experience and knowledge, and therefore have economic value to organizations. Where employee turnover is high the company fails to realize a full return on its investment in hiring and training staff. This report reviews the classic motivation theories and uses them to explain how organizations could devise techniques that will enable them retain their high-impact employees. 2.0. Work motivation The heart of motivation is to give people what they really want most from work (Mullins, 2010). Motivation can be of

Budget Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Budget - Assignment Example The budget cuts across machinery $27 million, fire engines $32 million, fire education $10 million, servicing of the existing engines and machinery with the approximate cost $ 5 million, emergency cases among other miscellaneous costs (Ballam, 2013). After reading Bland’s book on which tax revenues are more likely to be budget neutral, I took some interest on capital improvement plan and the ways to finance the proposed project in government’s public sector as per the views of the publication called A Budgeting Guide for Local Government. In order to understand the ways of funding the given project in the capital development plan, one needs to get acquainted with the purpose of the intended project(s). The main drive of planning is to match and forecast projected capital and revenues needs over a given time frame, for instance a year, six months. The capital improvement plan is inclusive of information such as a listing of the capital projections or equipment intended to be purchased, the priority list for given project, the plan for funding the projects, the defense of the projects, as well as the elaboration of all the expenditures for the given projects (Bland, 2013). The fire department’s development plan that needed further analysis is the section concentrating on the financing choices for the project of around $1.3 million. Well-wishers, national government and local government can fund fire services’ projects using a pay as you use option. In the first option, the government depends on the existing revenue sources to fund different projects in the emergency services, fire department. These revenues get sourced from diversified sources such as current taxes, for example, petroleum taxes for highway developments, grants courts and reserves accumulated over time. When the needs to finance a definite project is more than the present revenue available to fund the project in question,

Business Management System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Management System - Essay Example That's why special attention must be paid to hardware vendors, because even the most qualities software occurs to be low productive when it runs on outmoded facilities. Quick and wide range telecommunications should be used to hasten data exchange between parts of the BMS, such as optical fiber, satellite communications, 3G networks for mobile user of the system, etc. Usage of the most current technologies raises quality of service and reduces modernization costs in future. System reliability and survivorship are also very important issues. There are a lot of technologies developed for ascending of IT system reliability: backup servers and channels, RAID massive, caching and compression of data, etc. (Jones, 1986) It is important to choose competent software vendor or developers company for creating the software part of BMS. On selection of software provider it is necessary to gather information, on what sort of software it is specialized in, how many completed projects it has and if the customers are satisfied with the product of the company. (Brooks, 1995) It is also impossible not to admit importance of human factor during use of information system (Maslow, 1999). BMS must have comfortable and easy-to-understand user interface, so as novices in company could quickly to know about the system. Only simultaneous taking into consideration of all these factors allows creating really usable and productive information system, which will satisfy DVLA's requirements for the licensing information system. Possible benefits from the BMS for the organization: Elimination of Costly, Inflexible Legacy Systems Improved Work Processes Increase in Access to Data for Business Decision Making Upgrade of Information Technology Infrastructure Increased Control of Work Processes by Staff Reduced Paper Documents Greater Accuracy of Information with Detailed Content Improved Cost Control Increase in Customer Response Time Improved Monitoring and Quicker Resolution of Queries Quick Response to Business Operations and Market Conditions Improved Competitive Advantage Improved Supply-Demand Link with Locations and Branches World Wide Unified Customer Database Improved International Operations Improved Information Access and Management Throughout the Organization Information Entered Once into System Provides Functionality to Interact with other Modules The critical success factors of the BMS are: Clear forming of goals Effective and creative work of management Competent recourse management Keeping project time and recourses frames Understanding of consequences of the system implementation Involving staff in implementation process Also paying more attention to communications with the stakeholders is important for implementation of the Business Management System. The success of a project can be highly influenced by the support or otherwise of key stakeholders. A more iterative process, with more effective-working relationships between stakeholders allows compromise to be based on a more objective understanding by everyone. This process requires that managers and staff have both application and

Impacts of the Anthropocene Geological Era

Impacts of the Anthropocene Geological Era Alexandra Pearson Geography – The Anthropocene Throughout history, geological time periods have been given names to depict certain events. These time periods are named as eras, and the current geological era is known as the Anthropocene. The Anthropocene is defined as the â€Å"era of man†. This era is linked to drastic environmental changes that have taken place over hundreds of years due to human activity and the increase of industrialisation and technology. Humans have changed the global environment of the earth and the effect of human impact on the earth continues to increase during this Anthropocene era. The geological era, the Anthropocene is used to describe the time human activities have impacted the global environment of the earth, it also describes how human societies have become a worldwide geophysical force (Steffen et al, 2007). The earth has gone through drastic environmental changes in the last few hundred years; this is due to human activities that have created an increasing impact on the global environment (Crutzen, 2006). Over the last three centuries, the human population and the rate of urbanisation has dramatically increased (McNiell, 2000 cited in Crutzen, 2006). The Anthropocene began approximately in the 1800s, with the introduction of industrialisation and the increased use of fossil fuels (Steffen et al, 2007). Many scientists believe that the influence of humans on the environment began towards the end of the Pleistocene era as many of the so called â€Å"megafauna† had disappeared due to the arrival of modern humans. By the 1800s, industrialisation, deforestation, agriculture and the carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere had increased rapidly, and the environment began to change before the industrial revolution (Zalasiewicz et al, 2011). Scientists argue that the start of the Anthropocene era began when the Industrial Revolution took place. During the late 1700s and the early 1800s, there was a rapid increase in the usage of machinery and different industrial inventions. This was known as the Industrial Revolution, and it was the first human influence on the environmental change (Zalasiewicz et al, 2008). Many scientists believe that the Anthropocene geological era had began when the environment because of the worldwide environmental effects of the rapid increase in the human population and the development of economy (Zalasiewicz et al, 2008). The industrial revolution had caused the global environment to change significantly, carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere had increased rapidly and it was the beginning of the influence of humans on the environment. Ever since the introduction of industrial machinery in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the global environment has changed significantly. There has been a rapid increase in the human population, an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere and an increase in greenhouse gases. The increase in greenhouse gas concentration has had to have serious impacts on the environment, the concentration has increased over hundreds of years, and is continuing to increase and it has lead to a number of possible extinctions of species in areas that are sensitive to climate change (Hughes, 2000). The increase of greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have caused a decrease in the thickness of the ozone layer, the ozone layer’s function is to create a protective layer from the intense heat radiation from the sun around the earth. The greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide are a result in the increasing use of technology, the increasing use of machinery and the increasing use of using non renewable resources such as fossil fuels. With the decreased thickness of this layer, more of the heat radiation from the sun penetrates the earth and causes global temperature increase (Hartmann et al, 1999). According to McCarty (2002), the earth’s climate has increased by 0.5 degrees over the past one hundred years. This temperature increase can result in major global consequences; it has already lead to polar ice sheets melting and has lead to the extinction and high possibility of extinction of species that live in sensitive environments such as polar bea rs. Additional threats will appear as the climate continues to change and as the temperature continues to increase. As the human population increases, the availability of natural resources and non – renewable resources decreases. Overuse of these resources has resulted in a depletion of renewable resources (Pearce, 1988). As a result, in many developing countries, the resources have become scarce and have caused many problems globally. Due to human activities, in some countries the water and other habitats have been polluted by acid mine drainage. According to Johnson and Hallberg (2005), acid mine drainage causes environmental pollution in countries that have mining industries. Humans have had major influences on the climate change during the current geological era, the Anthropocene. As the human population, greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere and temperature continues to increase, the global environmental climate will continue to change. Ice caps sheets will continue to rise as the ozone layer becomes thinner and sea levels will continue to rise, resulting in a massive loss in coastal regions, lives and species that live in the areas that are sensitive to climate change. During this geological era or epochs, most of the environmental change has been caused by some type of human activity whether it is mining, increases in industrialisation or by increased urbanisation. The introduction of modern humans and industrialisation has caused major environmental changes that are difficult to change or reverse. To slow down the rapid global environmental and climate change, the use of renewable and non – renewable resources would have to be distributed evenly, the rate at which the human population is increasing would have to decrease and the amount of energy and fossil fuels used would also have to be decreased. If humans do not change the way that they distribute resources or control how much carbon dioxide is released in the atmosphere, the global environment and climate will continue to decline and further complications will appear. Therefore, the Anthropocene geological era is dominated by humans and the major environmental changes that have occurred in this era or epochs have mainly been caused by human activity such as mining, urbanisation or industrialisation. The Anthropocene era and the human activities that have taken place during this era are directly linked to the global environmental change that is seen in the world. Humans are the main cause for most of the major environmental and climate change during this era. References Crutzen, P.J. (2006). The â€Å"Anthropocene†, Earth System Science in the Anthropocene, 13-18. Hartmann, D.L., Wallace, J.M., Limpasuvan, V., Thompson, D.W.J., Holton, J.R. (1999). Can ozone depletion and global warming interact to produce rapid climate change?, Cross Mark: 97(4), 1412- 1417. Hughes, L. (2000). Biological Consequences of Global Warming: is the signal already apparent?, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 15 (2): 56 -61. Johnson, D.B., Hallberg, K.B. (2005). Acid Mine Drainage Remediation Options: a review, Science of the total environment, Elsevier: 338 (1-2): 3-14 McCarty, J.P. (2002). Ecological Consequences of Recent Climate Change, Conversation Biology: 15(2), 320 – 331. Pearce, D. (1988). The Sustainable use of natural resources in developing countries, Sustainable Environmental Management: Principles and Practice: 102- 117 Steffen, W., Crutzen, P. J., McNeill, J.R. (2007). The Anthropocene: Are Humans Now Overwhelming The Great Forces Of Nature, AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 36 (8): 614-621. Zalasiewicz, J., Williams, M., Haywood, A., Ellis, M. (2011). The Anthropocene: a new epoch of geological time?, Philosophical Transactions: The Royal Society Publishing. Zalasiewicz, J., Williams, M., Smith, A., Barry, T.L., Coe, A. L., Brown, P.R., Brenchley, P., Cantrill, D., Gale, A., Gibbard, P., Gregory, F. J., Hounslow, M. W., Kerr, A.C., Pearson, P., Knox, R. Powell, J., Waters, C., Marshall, J., Oates, M., Rawson,P. And Stone, P. (2008). Are we now living in the Anthropocene?, GSA Today, 18 (2): 4-8.

Symbolism in J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye Essay -- The Catch

Many novels cannot be fully understood and appreciated if only read for face value, and J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye is no exception. The abundant use of symbolism in Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye is of such significance that it â€Å"proclaims itself in the very title of the novel† (Trowbridge par. 1). If the symbolism in this novel is studied closely, there should be no astonishment in learning that The Catcher in the Rye took approximately ten years to write and was originally twice its present length. J.D. Salinger uses copious amounts of symbolism in his novel to accurately convey the feelings of his main character, Holden, and, in essence, to reveal information pertaining to human sentiment. Many of these symbols contain irony, multiple meanings, and varying degrees of complexity. Through the comprehension of Salinger’s unique symbolism, however, The Catcher in the Rye can be truly understood and appreciated. The character of Holden Caulfield is a powerful symbol himself which represents people as they truly are. Holden can be related to by anyone; he is occasionally silly, irritating, thoughtless, and irresponsible. He judges others without a second thought and builds his perception of people according to the things that he deems to be â€Å"phony.† Holden Caulfield is representative of idealism. He sees the difference between what is and what ought to be and is bothered enough by this to take action. The name â€Å"Holden† can be phonetically interpreted as meaning â€Å"hold on,† but what is it that Holden is holding on to? The Catcher in the Rye is the tale, from Holden’s perspective, of the three days following his removal from his prep school, Pencey, and the wisdom that comes during his venture. One of the first enc... ...nguage Quarterly 25.4 (1964): 461. Print. Edwards, Duane. "Don't Ever Tell Anybody Anything." ELH 44.3 (1977): 554-65. JSTOR. Web. 20 Apr. 2009. Foran, Donald. "A Doubletake on Holden Caulfield." The English Journal 57.7 (1968): 977-79. JSTOR. Web. 18 Apr. 2009. Miller, Edwin. "In Memoriam: Allie Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye." EBSCOhost. 2000. Web. 22 Apr. 2009. Privitera, Lisa. "Holden’s Irony in Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye." Explicator 66.4 (2008): 203-06. Print. Salinger, J. D. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little, Brown, 2001. Print. Svogun, Margaret D. "Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye." Explicator 61.2 (2003): 110. Print. Takeuchi, Yasuhiro. "Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye." Explicator 60.3 (2002): 164. Print. Trowbridge, Clinton W. "The Symbolic Structure of The Catcher in the Rye." EBSCOhost. 2000. Web. 17 Apr. 2009.

Coral Reef Essay

Mr. KrupensHow Can We Preserve the World’s Coral Reefs Critical Thinking Questions and AnswersHow does the current state of the world’s coral reefs illustrate each of the six key themes of this book? Human population: With current state of coral reefs, we are definitely valuing the quality of life of a person living today because of the fact that coral reefs are indirectly, sometimes directly, destroyed by over fishing using the methods such as using dynamites or cyanides which causes corals to be destroyed and damaged. However we have to start thinking about the future generations. Sustainability: With current state of coral reefs, the persistence of these resources for future generations is more important because of the fact that coral reefs provide priceless economic benefits (worth $375 billion dollars) and it is slowly getting destroyed. Global Perspective: With current state of coral reefs, we have to value the environment of the entire planet otherwise numerous s pecies of sea organisms, such as fishes, will lose their home which may cause other predators to eventually die out too. This will cause domino effect just by coral reefs getting destroyed around the world, which will bring huge economic and environmental effect on human. Urban World: Both human creativity and persistence of certain endangered species are important because for sure human creativity can be used to save the endangered species. For example, using art to advertise- giving awareness about endangered species. Using science to create medications for endangered species. This means we can help save coral reefs by using human creativity. People and Nature: If people have altered the environment for much of the time our species has been on earth, the word â€Å"natural† can be referred to as places where it is undeveloped by human kind. For example, very deep in the ocean bottom. Science and Values: We need knowledge about our environment so human kind can last for longest period we can possibly stay on earth for, and in order to do that, we have to cooperate with our environment and we have to study our environment. What are the utilitarian, ecological, aesthetic, and moral justification for preserving coral reefs? Utilitarian justification: Coral reefs are associated to 1 million marine organisms. It  will help fisherman to be economically stable and healthy just by preserving coral reefs as well as merc hants who live off by tourists. Ecological Justification: Coral reefs are associated with 1 million marine organisms. Some of the marine organisms that are associated with coral reefs go directly to our stomach. In addition, reef fish constitute about 15% of the entire world wide catch. Aesthetic Justification: There is countless of tourists who appreciate the beauty of nature. Millions of tourists from around the world who flock to reef areas to fish, swim, dive, and enjoy their beauty. Moral Justification: Coral reefs has moral rights to not get destroyed and stay healthy because coral reefs that exist today are 5,000 to 10,000 years old. Also by taking the brunt of the force of waves, coral reefs protect coastlines from erosion, function that is estimated to be $50,000 per year, which may be more than some people’s yearly salary. They already are associated to millions of marine organisms too, so they definitely have their rights to not get destroyed or harmed. If Maitri were making his living by fishing rather than farming shrimp, how might he view the preservation of coral reefs? What ar rangements could be made to meet his needs but at the same time preserve coral reefs in his area? Maitri will definitely have positive instinct on preserving the coral reefs because coral reefs will soon provide his living. As said, coral reefs are associated with about 1 million marine organisms and 15% of the entire worldwide catch is reef fish. In order for him to meet his needs and preserve coral reefs is to limiting himself on the amount that his catching per year, but about to making living out of it. Also he should not use dynamite and cyanide methods to catch fishes. In addition, he should definitely be aware about not to destroy or pry apart the coral reefs while fishing in any methods that he choose to. What things can you do in your everyday life to contribute to the preservation of coral reefs? For me, as a student, all I can contribute to the preservation of coral reefs are to conserve water (less waste water dumped in ocean), reduce pollution (help reduce ocean warming), dispose my trash properly (no water is polluted), use only ecological or organic fertilizers (so ocean is not polluted), volunteer for a coral reef cleanup, practice safe and responsible diving and snorkeling (so no coral is harmed or destroyed), and especially spread the word.

Project Definition essays

Project Definition essays Located at the heart of Beulah Bog County and established in 1990, Exodus Twp. currently has a population of three hundred. The township is faced with the problem of enticing businesses and residents to their locale. Previous residents and businesses vacated their homes and store fronts due to high taxes and crime rates. Since the current Administration has been in office the crime rates have dropped to acceptable levels and the operating budget has been streamlined in addition to being balanced enabling the Trustees to reduce taxes. The Board of Trustees, Perkins, Hardy and Markham, want to reach prospective businesses and residents through the Internet, but do not have a web page for the township. With the absence of any Intra/Internet in place, the new Trustees cannot efficiently develop or support a web page. Once this web page is implemented, prospective residents and businesses can make contact with the Trustees and voice their concerns and opinions of current policies and prac tices. They will also have twenty-four hours access to their representatives and services. The objective of the township is to have this web page operational by the beginning of the next physical year, November 2002. The Township Trustees are setting aside $10,000 dollars for the development of the web page. Once the web page has been designed and implemented the townships Data-Processing Unit will be responsible for the maintenance. The township is faced with the risks of this project not being completed within set budget limits and time frame. They are also faced with the possibility that the web page will not draw the potential businesses and residents to their location. The purpose of the Exodus Township web-page is to attract people to the fine living available in their community. It should also attract businesses as well. ...

Convicting Raskolnikov Dostoevskys Views On Criminal Justice Essays

Convicting Raskolnikov Dostoevskys Views On Criminal Justice Essays Convicting Raskolnikov Dostoevsky's views on Criminal Justice At the close of Crime and Punishment, Raskolinkov is convicted of Murder and sentenced to seven years in Siberian prison. Yet even before the character was conceived, Fyodor Dostoevsky had already convicted Raskolinkov in his mind (Frank, Dostoevsky 101). Crime and Punishment is the final chapter in Dostoevsky's journey toward understanding the forces that drive man to sin, suffering, and grace. Using ideas developed in Notes from Underground and episodes of his life recorded in Memoirs of the House of the Dead, Dostoevsky puts forth in Crime in Punishment a stern defense of natural law and an irrefutable volume of evidence condemning Raskolnikov's actions (Bloom, Notes 25). Central to the prosecution of any crime, murder in particular, is the idea of motive. Not only must the prosecutor prove the actus rectus or "guilty act," but also that the criminal possessed the mens rea or "guilty mind" (Schmalleger 77). The pages of Crime and Punishment and the philosophies of Dostoevsky provide ample proof of both. The first is easy; Dostoevsky forces the reader to watch firsthand as Raskolnikov "took the axe all the way out, swung it with both hands, scarcely aware of himself, and almost without effort, almost mechanically, brought the butt-end down on her head" (Crime and Punishment 76). There is no doubt Raskolnikov caused the death of Alena Ivanovna and, later, Lizaveta, but whether he possessed the mens rea is another matter entirely. By emphasizing the depersonalization Raskolnikov experiences during the murder, the fact that he was "scarcely aware of himself" and acted "almost mechanically" the sympathetic reader might conclude that some unknown fo! rce of nature, and not the person Raskolnikov, is to blame for the death of the usurer and her sister (Nutall 160). Dostoevsky's answer to this is contained not in Crime and Punishment, but rather in an earlier work, Notes from Underground. The entire story of the Underground Man was intended to parody the works of Nicolai G. Chernyshevsky, and thereby prove that man's actions are the result of his own free-will. The idea that man is alone responsible for his actions is central to proving that Raskolnikov is really to blame for his crime. For under the Chernyshevsky-embraced doctrine of scientific determinism, Raskolnikov cannot be held accountable for his actions. Rather, scientific determinism holds that whatever actions men take are inevitable and unalterable because they are "totally determined by the laws of nature." The Underground man was created by Dostoevsky as a man who accepts without question scientific determinismhe is a projection of Chernyshevsky's theories at their most extreme. The result is not the utopian vision of Chernyshevsky, but rather an antisocial animal that is barely recognizable as human (Frank "Nihilism" 37). The reason, according to Dostoevsky, for the problems of the Underground Man, is that he is incapable of any moral action because he lives in a world devoid of blame. At one point, the Underground man imagines forgiving someone for having slapped him in the face; but he cannot. Although the human side of the Underground man realizes that it is moral to forgive, determinism convinces him that "the man who would have slapped my face would most probably have done it in obedience to the laws of nature" (Notes from Underground 45). And so he cannot blame the other for slapping him because nature is really to blame (Frank "Nihilism" 50). But, as the Underground Man points out "even if it is the law of nature, it hurts all the same." According to Dostoevsky, blame is central to humanity. We must accept the responsibility and the consequences of our actions, since we alone determine what they are (Frank "Nihilism" 56). So, Raskolnikov cannot blame fate for his misfortune. But what can! he blame? Why, then did Raskolnikov, a "handsome young man," well educated, devoted to his family, choose to kill a defenseless old woman? Like the main character of Notes from Underground, Raskolinkov finds himself torn between reason and objective morality (Jackson 150). In an essay written six months prior to the start of the novel entitled "On Crime" Raskolnikov lays down the foundation of his rational justification for murder. "On Crime" describes a world split into two groups of

Marketing plan development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing plan development - Essay Example Also there is still perception among some of the customers that fast-food are rich in fat and are not healthy. As far as specific is concerned, sandwiches are treated as the most favorite as it holds over 30 % of the market share. Research has shown that, people mainly love sandwiches due to the trend of short lunch breaks triggering the demand for light snacks and lunches. At this point of time Hotdog doesn’t top the menu list of the people of UK when it comes to Fast Foods (Mintzberg and Quinn, 1996, p. 67). After analyzing the market scenario, business and product life cycle it is believed that out of the four probable strategies market development strategy could be best suited. Market development strategy is used when an existing product is launched in a new market. The risk factor in this case is medium. It is suggested that American Hot Dog Cart should focus on designing an efficient distribution network and repositioning strategy. One of the most famous ways to expand market reach is to setup franchisee network. Most of the major food chains follow this strategy. As mentioned in before, fast foods especially non vegetarian fast foods are still perceived as high-fat unhealthy products. This something the American Hot Dog has to change. Certain degree of augmentation can help the company in creating product differentiation. For example providing salads along with hot-dog can help the company successfully reposition the product. Also social media channels can be used to directly engag e with the customers. Social media can be used to show the target customers the way the food is being made. The main USP of the marketing campaign is the healthy ingredients and low fat content to change the perception (Palepu and Bernad, 2007, p. 65). Out of the four strategies Cost Leadership seems best suited for American Hot Dog Cart. The UK fast food market is a broad one. Hence the company may use the industry

Science Fiction Genre Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Science Fiction Genre - Movie Review Example With the advancements in genetic engineering there is a possibility of human beings becoming super humans. We have seen mutant characters like Wolverine, Professor Xavier, Jean Grey, etc., of the famous animated series 'X-Men' in comics or television but within a century or two they are going to become a reality and one day as it was depicted in the comics' humans and mutants may fight with each other for their rights. Since there is always insecurity among the countries worldwide genetic engineering is going to be their ultimate weapon against the enemies. Welcome to the world of science fiction that seems to be realistic but in reality it's only a fiction that takes reader or viewer into an imaginary world. Based on these science fiction stories movies are made, and the producers invest millions of dollars and willing to take any financial risk to make the movie a big hit. Terminator trilogy and Blade runner are some of the movies that fall into this science fiction category. These movies are made with huge investments from the producers to make the movies a box office hit in every possible way. Almost every science fiction movie is an action-oriented thriller and lots of killing and other kind of bloodshed scenes is shot and picturised. Terminator trilogy and Blade runner are no exception. They are totally action packed movies with lots of fighting and killing. Terminator, Terminator 2: Judgment Day and Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines comprises Terminator trilogy. Terminator and Terminator 2: Judgment Day was written and directed by James Cameron. Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines was directed by Jonathan Mostow. Hundreds of millions of dollars were invested in 20 years in making this trilogy. The trilogy is about saving John Connor who becomes the future leader of human resistence forces against the machines. The movie Terminator revolves around the character named Sarah Connor who would become mother of John Connor. This movie is about saving Sarah Connor. http://www.movieposter.com/posters/archive/main/14/A70-7230 The above poster is from Terminator movie, in which the cyborg played by Arnold Schwarzenegger is holding a pistol. The above poster gives a message to the viewers of being stylish and looking cool and making a fashion statement. Making a fashion statement is not at all inappropriate but the way in which it was photographed was unacceptable. Young adults and especially children are easily attracted when they see their favorite stars in these photographs. To imitate their favorite actors they act like the stars by holding toy pistols and playing with them. Thus from young age itself unknowingly we were engaging a relationship between children and arms. Generally movies are made to have a positive impact on the society and make them think how they can improve the living standards of normal human being. In this movie the character Sarah Connor was being relentlessy being hunted down by a killing machine that kills every women in the town who share Connor's name. In one of the scenes adesk seargent doesn't allow the cyborg (Arnold Schwarzenegger) to see Sarah, after the cyborg says his famous phrase "I'll be back" comes back to the seargent in a car and crushes him to death. When scenes like these are shown how come any could see a science

Smiling Might Not Be Such a Safe Way to Treat Safeway Customers Essay

Smiling Might Not Be Such a Safe Way to Treat Safeway Customers - Essay Example Management realizes this predicament. More precisely, the management of Safeway Supermarkets understands the importance of this issue. This is why management introduced the â€Å"Superior Service† policy. The intentions of this policy were very clear, but in reality, there are some challenges that prevent the policy from staying in place over the long term. Now that some workers are complaining against the policy, Safeway Supermarkets will have to revisit this policy and try to change it in a way that suits the privacy needs of its employees but also makes sure that the customer is being looked after. Main Issues The main issue here is that these are unionized workers and they are being forced to do something that they are uncomfortable with. The Union Food and Commercial Workers Union should focus on the point that the policy introduced by Safeway Supermarkets encroaches on the privacy of some of its privacy. Put more specifically, it is not the actual policy that causes this , but rather the actions of those customers who misinterpret friendliness for something else. As a Safeway Supermarkets produce clerk, Richelle Roberts, testifies: â€Å"†¦hit on every day by men who think she is coming on to them† (Associated Press, 2012). This confirms that it is the actions of the employees that are being misinterpreted rather than the actual policy encouraging this kind of behavior. Analysis This is a strange case because both the employees and management do not share sole responsibility for this situation. From the management’s point of view, they have every right to expect that their employees are courteous and polite to customers. No one would expect anything less. Also, using undercover shoppers to try and catch employees out is legal because it can be considered as a type of performance review. The employees working in the customer sales department need to be tested on their ability to interact with customers, since this takes up a large part of their job. On the other hand, employees should have the power to selectively choose when to smile at a customer and when not to. If a timid female employee noticed a large, overpowering man, then she might feel uncomfortable by smiling towards him. Employees should not be punished if they choose not a smile at a certain customer. If an employee feels intimidated or scared in any way, then they should not have to make friendly gestures towards that particular person. Of course, if it was discovered that an employee was not being friendly to any customers, then management would have the right to pull them up on it. Methods There needs to be a discussion between the management of Safeway Supermarkets and The Union Food and Commercial Workers Union about how a compromise can be reached. As discussed above, employees should not be forced to smile at every customer, and there should be no punishment for not doing so. On the part of the employees, they should have to be polite to a t least 75 percent of the customers who walk into a store on any given day. Of course, it would be up to the individual employee to choose who to smile at and who not to. This way, employees do not have to feel threatened by customers and also a friendly image is being displayed by the company for the most part. Conclusion Issues

Full Day Kindergarten Essay Example for Free

Full Day Kindergarten Essay Full day kindergarten should be mandatory and of no extra cost for all of the elementary schools. This will boost the children’s academic achievement. The children that are exposed to full day kindergarten will learn more in literacy and mathematics than those in half-day kindergarten. The students that are in a full day program get to spend more time on their math, writing, and reading activities. The full day students also get the advantage of being able to participate in gym, art, and music classes. The half-day students do not get to experience gym, art, or music class. I have seen results first hand because I chose to put my son in a full day kindergarten versus the half-day. I chose to bring my son to a school that is located in Fridley so that he could receive the benefits of the full day kindergarten. The half-day program that Blaine offers has a very undesirable schedule for parents who work. The half-day schedule for Blaine elementary school is full days Mondays, Wednesdays, and every other Friday. I think that the earlier the educational intervention begins the higher the impact and the more likely the effects will be retained. Other than the health of a child, I think that nothing should be more important than their education. Giving children the opportunity to be in a full day kindergarten program gives them opportunities that the half-day students do not receive. One of the opportunities is being able to spend more time on reading, writing, and math. The teachers also have more time to sit one on one with each student one or in small groups and work on these skills. They also have a different theme for each month that they focus on. Some examples of the themes are the solar system, U. S. residents, maps, and the celebrations around the world. Children also absorb things more easily when they are younger. Being a mother of a full day kindergarten student, I see the results of the extra reading, writing, and math that the teacher does with him. My son is one of the youngest in his class and he is reading at a first grade level. As for his writing, he attempt to write big words using phonics. For example, I came home one day a few months ago and he had written on his dry erase board â€Å"I see a red ladebug†. He also brought home a worksheet that he had written about his favorite fruits. On this worksheet, he had written â€Å"watrmlon†. As far as his math goes, he is always measuring things in the house with a kid’s yard ruler. The themes that they work on each month give the students the ability to know what is going on in the world around them. My son came home from school one day and told me that there was a planet that was not considered a planet anymore. I did not know this and I was in complete awe. According to Debra Ackerman, â€Å"Children in full day kindergarten programs score higher on their achievement test than those in half-day programs. Full-day kindergarten advocates suggest that a longer school day provides educational support that ensures a productive beginning school experience and increases the chances of future school success. In both full-day and half-day programs, kindergartners spend most of their class time working on reading, language arts, and math activities, but the total number of minutes teachers devote to specific subjects differs. For example, 80 percent of full day but only about 50 percent of half-day programs devote more than 30 minutes each day to mathematics instruction. Sixty-eight percent of full day but only 37 percent of half-day classrooms dedicate at least 60 minutes to reading instruction each day. Perhaps most striking, 79 percent of full-day teachers read aloud to their students every day, compared to 62 percent of half-day teachers. Reading aloud is a critical activity in helping to develop children’s reading skills. Additional research shows children’s literacy learning is enhanced in full-day programs, as the full-day schedule provides a more intensive, ongoing, enriched language and literacy experience for the young child. (Ackerman) Children in full day kindergarten programs score higher on their achievement test than those in half-day programs. I asked my son’s kindergarten teacher, Ms. Janssen, what the average for reading was for her class. Ms. Janssen stated that the majority of her students are already in the first grade reading level as of the end of the second trimester. As said by the Indiana Association of Public School Super Intendants, â€Å"Full day kindergarten programs are associated with greater reading achievement gains during the kindergarten year than half day programs†. Plucker, 6) The students are graded on their writing and math abilities as well. According to the Kalamazoo Public Schools reports, â€Å"The group of kindergartners advanced in 2010 to first grade at Kalamazoo Public School, where 60 percent tested at or above the 50th percentile in reading on the Iowa Test of Basic Skills last April. That’s a 7-point increase compared to Kalamazoo Public School first-graders tested in April 2009, Rice said. On the Iowa Test Basic Skills math test, 52 percent of first-graders tested a t or above the 50th percentile last spring, a 12-point jump over spring 2009. The Iowa Test of Basic Skills are administered in schools nationwide and is a norm-referenced test, which means scores are based on how students perform compared to other test-takers. The Kalamazoo Public School results show that 60 percent of Kalamazoo students are in the top half of first-graders nationwide in reading and 52 percent are in the top half in math. † (Mack) Children who are in full day kindergarten have better social and behavioral effects than those who are in half-day kindergarten. When children are in school for the full day they have more time to get to know the other students. They get more time to interact together socially and they are learning while they are interacting. The students also get to go to specialists and they go with their classmates. Some of the specialists that Hayes Elementary offers are music, art, Spanish, and gym. Going to the specialist is something that the full day kindergarteners get to do and the half-day kindergarteners do not get to do. These students also get to spend more time with the teacher. This means that they will be less hesitant to approach their teacher. According to Clark, â€Å"Some researchers have examined social and behavioral effects. According to researchers, a clear relationship emerged between the kindergarten schedule and childrens behavior. Teachers rated children in all-day kindergarten programs higher on 9 of the 14 dimensions; there were no significant differences on the other 5 dimensions. Other researchers who have studied social and behavioral outcomes found that children in all-day kindergarten programs were engaged in more child-to-child interactions and they made significantly greater progress in learning social skills†. Clark) In the kindergarten classrooms of Hayes Elementary, the students get into groups called centers. During this center time, the teacher takes a group of five students to a table to do independent reading and the rest of the students go to a center. The centers are groups of three or four students and the students get to interact socially while doing something educational. Some examples of the centers are writing center, listening center, leapster center, and art center. The writing center is where the students can write freely. The listening center is where the students put on headphones, listen to directions, and write down what they hear. The leapster center is where the students get to play a handheld learning game that integrates math, reading, and spelling in the games. Finally, the art center is where the students get to draw and color what they want. When the time is up the students clean up as groups. A full day of learning offers many social and emotional benefits to kindergarteners. As stated by NEA, â€Å"They have more time to focus and reflect on activities, and they have more time to transition between activities. When children are taught by qualified teachers, using age-appropriate curricula in small classes they can take full advantage of the additional learning time—social, emotional, and intellectual— that a full day allows. Further, research finds that children adjust well to the full-day format. † (NEA) The full day kindergarten teachers plan and use the extra time in class well. The time in class is spent differently in both the full day kindergarten and the half-day kindergarten. According to the research that the Indiana Association of Public School Superintendents, â€Å"The research provides evidence that time in full day kindergarten programs is different both quantitatively and qualitatively from how time is used in half day programs† (Plucker, ii). Full day kindergarten offers benefits to teachers. Teachers prefer the full day program to the half-day program. If there is a child that is struggling with something, the teacher has the ability to find time to help that student. There is also more time to finish activities. According to Ms. Janssen, â€Å"With the full day program I am able to get through four reading groups versus two reading groups in one day. With the full day program we are able to go more in depth on our unit that we focus on in class. † (Janssen) According to the NEA, â€Å"Switching to full-day kindergarten gave teachers more time to plan the curriculum, incorporate a greater number of thematic units into the school year, and offer more in-depth coverage of each unit. (NEA) In the half-day programs there is less time for multiple activities. According to Dr. Martinez, â€Å"Many kindergarten teachers favor full day kindergarten because they find it difficult to balance cognitive activities and affective social activities in the short kindergarten day. † (Martinez, 2) Teachers also prefer full day kindergarten because there is more instructional time than that of a half-day kindergarten program. As stated by the Indiana Association of Public School Superintendents, â€Å" Across all of the schools in the Indiana sample, the proportion of instructional time is similar across program types, resulting in much greater instructional time in full day programs, representing approximately 40-50% more instruction in full day programs than half-day programs†. (Plucker, ii) Teachers also have the benefit of getting to know the students and their parents better. According to Dr. Martinez, â€Å"Teachers state that they have a chance to know children and parents better, to do more individualization of instruction, and to expand the curriculum horizontally. (Dr. Martinez) There are so many benefits for the children. A very important benefit is that the full day kindergarteners have the opportunity to an easier transition into the first grade because they are already used to the full day schedule. The time that the students get to spend with the teacher is a great benefit as well. The extra time that is spent with the teacher is as much beneficial for the teacher as it is for the students. According to the research from Dr. Martinez, â€Å"Teachers thought children developed closer relationships and were more relaxed in the full-day program and felt more a part of the school. Teachers indicated they were able to give more individual attention to students and that children had more time to develop both academic and socialization skills. Teachers noted they could work more on the continuing development of each child and felt children showed more advancement. Teachers indicated they felt closer to the children and that they got to know both child and family better. Some indicated in the full day they felt more flexible, were more relaxed and spontaneous, and felt better prepared to meet with parents. † (Dr. Martinez, 6) The time that the students get to spend on activities is another great benefit. According to NEA, â€Å"in a study evaluating teachers’ views on full-day kindergarten, teachers reported a number of benefits for themselves as well as children and parents. Participating in full day eased the transition to first grade, helping children adapt to the demand of a six-hour day. Having more time available in the school day offered more flexibility and more time to do activities during free choice times. Having more time actually made the kindergarten program less stressful and frustrating for children because they had time to fully develop an interest in activities. Participating in he full-day schedule allows more appropriate academic challenges for children at all developmental levels. Children with developmental delays or those at risk for school problems benefited from having more time to complete projects and more time for needed socialization with peers and teachers. † (NEA) Full day kindergarten offers more benefits to the students that are at risk and children that come from educational and economical disadvantaged homes. If the full day kindergarten programs cost money, as most do, they cost around 3000 dollars per child for the year. The 3000 dollars is charged to the parents of the child. The children that come from the educationally and economically disadvantaged homes would not be able to attend because of the cost. These children are the ones that benefit from the program the most. According to the Indiana Superintendents, â€Å"Students at or below the poverty level enrolled in full day kindergarten scored statistically significantly higher in math and reading than their half day counterparts. Poor children enrolled in full day kindergarten programs tested statistically significantly above half day pupils on reading, spatial, and verbal skills, naming colors and letters, and identifying numerals. (Plucker, 6) Parents prefer full day kindergarten as well. I as a mother prefer the full day kindergarten program to the half-day program. One of the advantages is that I do not have to figure out childcare and who would bring my son to the childcare. Trying to figure out childcare and school between my job schedule would be undesirable. As said by Dr. Martinez, â€Å"Full-day kindergarten saves parents day-care problems, while providing children a comprehensive, developmentally-appropriate program. Parents said that children often feel more stress when they have to go from a school situation to a day-care environment, where different rules and philosophies apply. Therefore, parents favor a full-day program, which reduces the number of transitions kindergartners experience in a typical day. † (Dr. Martinez) Full day kindergarten also takes a huge cost out of many parents’ monthly budget including mine. Even though some people would be against this and say, â€Å"Why would I have to pay for your childcare? † I would say that many parents including myself pay taxes too. Their parents wanted them to have the best education that they could have gotten. Most importantly, I know that my son and many other children are getting the best out of their day while they are in school. They are having fun while they are learning. My son enjoys being in school. If he had a choice, he would go on Saturdays and Sundays. Children attending full day kindergarten spend the day learning instead of watching television or playing video games. Full-day kindergarten provides parents with better support for their children. According to NEA, â€Å"For parents who work outside the home, full-day kindergarten means that children do not have to be shuffled between home, school, and childcare. For all parents, there is more continuity and less disruption in the child’s day and more time for focused and independent learning. One study of parent attitudes found that after the second year of a full-day kindergarten program, 100 percent of full-day parents, and 72 percent of half-day parents noted that, if given the opportunity again, they would have chosen full-day kindergarten for their child†. (NEA) In conclusion, having full day kindergarten should be mandatory. There are many benefits of the full day kindergarten program. The benefits are not limited to the students. Teachers and parents also get great benefits out of the full day program. According to MaryBeth, â€Å"Research has shown that it is important to begin learning early in life. School systems that have implemented the academically based full day kindergarten are finding it to be successful. If I had to choose again if a child of mine was going to go to full day or half-day kindergarten, I would not even have to think twice. A child’s education should be one of the most important things to think about. These children will be the future and they need a great education to get there.

One Country Two Systems Problems

One Country Two Systems Problems Bingyan Xu â€Å"One Country, Two Systems†: Promises and Problems Ever since September 26, 1984, when Communist China and Britain reached an agreement to allow mainland China to resume sovereignty over Hong Kong in 1997, one country, two systems has been promoted by Deng Xiaoping as a solution to the reunification problem. He suggested that within the unified Peoples Republic of China, the mainland practices socialism, while the current capitalist system of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau will remain unchanged. Through an in-depth analysis of the one country, two systems, I am going to explore these questions in this paper: what is the origin and procedure of the policy of? What are the essential features that the policy has promised? In practice, what problems have surfaced so far? How did the policy impact and change Hong Kong society? Origin: Formulation of the Policy Historically, China’s major concern regarding national reunification had not been Hong Kong but Taiwan. In fact, since Hong Kong provided an opportunity for unofficial contacts with the government of the Republic of China (ROC), the People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s policy had been to keep Hong Kong as it was until the Taiwan issue was resolved. The concept of one country, two systems emerged in the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committees on December 15, 1978. While speaking about the work related to Taiwan, Deng Xiaoping proposed a third round of Kuomintang-CPC cooperation to bring about reunification of the country (Qing). According to him, Taiwans socio-economic system, lifestyle and foreign investment will remain unchanged and its army will become local armed forces. After that, in an interview with a Xinhua correspondent on September 30, 1981, Ye Jianying, the chairman of National Peoples Congress, elaborated on the policy more specifically. He proposed nine guarantees, including the idea that Taiwan could be a special administrative zone after reunification, maintaining its own army and enjoying a high degree of autonomy, with three no-changes guaranteed for Taiwan (Wei). Pressed by Britain to make a decision on Hong Kong, China reversed its priorities. The PRC government decided to reunite with Hong Kong first and used it as an experiment for the policy; if it was successful, Taiwan would be attracted. In a meeting with British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in September 1982, Deng publicly presented the one country, two systems concept and considered it to be applicable to Hong Kong (Ching 7). As such, the full elaboration of the concept took place during the Sino-British negotiations on the constitutional status of the British colony of Hong Kong after 1997. 2. Procedure: Promises of the Communist Party of China (CPC) The Sino-British Joint Declaration was signed by the PRC and the United Kingdom on December 19, 1984 in Beijing. In the Joint Declaration, the Chinese government stated that it had decided to resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong with effect from 1 July 1997 and the United Kingdom government declared that it would restore Hong Kong to the PRC with effect from 1 July 1997 (Wei). A new special administrative region (SAR) government based on the Basic Law is established, and the scheme of â€Å"one country, two systems† became a reality. When the sovereignty over Hong Kong is formally is transferred to China, the CPC has made several promises to Hong Kong people in the Joint Declaration and the Basic Law. First and foremost, the CPC has promised a highly autonomous SAR in which Hong Kong people will rule over Hong Kong. Secondly, a universal suffrage with democratic procedures is promised in the Basic Law. The implication of the one country, two systems is that the PRC will run its affair without Hong Kong’s interference, and that Hong Kong will not run its affairs without Beijing’s interference. Due to the three promises above, Hong Kong people thought that they could have a democratic system of government independent from that of PRC. 3. Outcome: Problems of the Policy Understandably, to the extent that their envisioned futures differ, the CPC’s leaders’ view may not be shared by the people of Hong Kong: what the CPC wants is a stable and prosperous Hong Kong under its rule, but the people of Hong Kong require to rule over Hong Kong on their own. The CPC emphasizes one country, while the Hong Kong people stress two systems. Therefore, the main problem surfaces: â€Å"one country† increasingly overweighs â€Å"two systems†. By looking at the three branches of the government of Hong Kong, we can see that the CPC has successfully contained Hong Kong. In the executive branch, the Chief Executive and principal officials of HKSAR government are indirectly appointed by CPC, though nominally the chief executive is elected by a selection committee of 1200 people. In the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, only a half seats were popularly elected, with the other half directly appointed by CPC. In the judicial branch, CPC has tamed the Court of Final Appeal with the reinterpretation of the National People’s Congress (NPC). According to Yuen’s discussion of NPC’s interpretative power over the Basic Law, there is no residual power on the part of Hong Kong to define or interpret any points not clearly stipulated by the Basic Law. The reason why these problems surfaced when the policy was put into use is the controversial and uneven nature of the â€Å"one country, two systems†. First, it proposes to have a capitalist local system operating under the administration of a communist central government. According to Chien-Min Chao, â€Å"Peking has stated that the dialectical principle of the unity of contradictions is the basic and most important objective theoretical source of ‘one country, two systems’† (110); however, the CPC neglected, or chose to neglect the predictable outcome of the policy at this point. Second, the policy is uneven because the two systems are unequal in size and status. Thus, it is predestined for Hong Kong to be overwhelmed by China in the normal course of development. 4. Impact: Hong Kongs Identity Now after seventeen years, people may ask whether the implementation of one country, two systems has been successful. Proved by the outcomes, the â€Å"one country, two systems† has certainly brought a number of changes to Hong Kong society, which might seem prosperous to the CPC but disastrous to Hong Kong people. Applying the â€Å"three-layer model† to analyze the social changes, we can clearly see another inefficient part of the policy. It is suggested by the model that the society can be divided into three layers from outside to inside: instrument, institution and cultural core. In the case of the one country, two systems, the policy apparently brought instrumental and institutional changes to Hong Kong society but the core value has never been changed. Afraid of being assimilated, Hong Kong society felt a need to maintain its distinctiveness from the rest of China. For example, when the HKSAR government decided to change the teaching language of all public seconda ry schools from English to Chinese after two months of reunification, Hong Kong society reacted strongly against the this decision. Chan illustrates their reason as the English language is a habitus of Hong Kong people, and distinguishes them from their mainland counterparts. To maintain this distinction, Hongkongers fought to retain their right to learn in English (282). Furthermore, Hong Kong people’s strong self-identity is reflected from the survey data and their attitude to mainland Chinese. Figure 1 shows that more than 50% people identified themselves as â€Å"only Hong Konger† from 1990 to 2012. Notably, the lines of â€Å"only Chinese† and â€Å"only Hong Konger† are getting closer to each other. It is not sufficient to prove the growing identity of â€Å"only Chinese† in Hong Kong society, but it shows the immigration wave from mainland to Hong Kong due to the relaxed policy. Hong Kong people always show an angry regionalism toward this kind of issue. When they see any unciviled behavior of Chinese, they will insult them with remarks as â€Å"Chinese dog go back to your kennel†. Sadly, because Hong Kong is now legally an undeniable part of China, no matter how strong their self identity is, Hong Kong people are unable to speak out their own voice on the world stage. Fig. 1, â€Å"à ©Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¯Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã…’à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¥Ã…“†¹Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ §Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ºÃ‚ «Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ »Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ªÃ‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã…’à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’1990-2012 (%),† Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies of Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013 5. Conclusion In short, the policy of â€Å"one country, two systems† has been adopted by the CPC to resolve the reunification problem of Hong Kong. The policy has worked for the purpose of recovering Hong Kong from the British. Yet, since the CPC fails to realize most of their promises, a number of practical problems originated from the policy are still needed to be solved. As a city that prides itself on freedom, the rule of law and low corruption, Hong Kong now faces a difficult road ahead. The feeble state of democracy in Hong Kong is only one part of a grim picture. As Hong Kong increasingly begins to resemble just another mainland city, it seems a destiny for Hong Kong to become a global backwater. Works Cited Chan, Elaine. Beyond Pedagogy: Language and Identity in Post-colonial Hong Kong. British Journal of Sociology of Education 23.2 (2002): 271-85. Print. Chao, Chien-Min. One Country, Two Systems: A Theoretical Analysis. Asian Affairs 14.2 (1987): 107-24. Web. Ching, Frank. Hong Kong and China: ‘One Country, Two Systems? New York: Foreign Policy Association, 1996. Print. Qing, Wen. One Country, Two Systems: The Best Way to Peaceful Reunification. Beijing Review 1990: n. pag. Print. Wei, Da-yeh. The Formulation and Development of ‘One Country, Two Systems’. Wen Wei Po [Hong Kong] 20 Dec. 1984: n. pag. Print. Yuen, Samson, and Kitty Ho. Hong Kong: Two Systems, One Country? The Diplomat. N.p., 08 Mar. 2014. Web.