Pay It Forward vs.Coach Carter free essay sample

Cowboys With Guns :: essays research papers fc

Ranchers with Guns during the Wild West      In the Old West, firearms assumed a significant job in the lives of cattle rustlers. There were different sorts of weapons that cowpokes utilized. They fell into two classes: hand weapon and rifle. The most well-known handguns were the Derringer and the Colt .45; concerning rifles there was the Winchester. More often than not weapons were utilized for shooting creatures for food or quieting the steers. Once in a while, a cowhand may need to utilize one against Indians or rustlers. On the path most cowpokes would have weapons with them however they would leave them in the hurl wagon. (The toss wagon was a truck that was typically in the rear of the crowd that held the entirety of the cowboy’s merchandise.) They left the firearms in the wagon on the grounds that the weapons were overwhelming and in many cases disrupted the general flow and could be perilous while riding a pony. Most ranchers were not generally excellent with firearms and even one cowhand messed himself up. The weapon came in convenient however, particularly when a charge happened. The cowpokes would ride to the throw wagon, snatch their firearms, and proceed to the front of the crowd where they would shoot three uniformly separated shots over the pioneer cattle’s heads. This would ordinarily stop the rush. The Derringer was a little gun with a huge bore that had two barrels, which were equal on a level plane or vertically. It could be laid in the palm of the hand and made a horrible injury when taken shots at short proximity. In certain towns along the path cattle rustlers utilized Hideouts when they needed to turn in their 6-Shooters. A Hideout was a Derringer that was covered up in the boot, a shoulder holster, belt, or hung by a rope down the sleeve or coat. Ranchers would wear one so that in the event that somebody blamed them for duping they would have the option to shield themselves. The Winchester was the term utilized for a rifle or carbine. This weapon was a standout amongst other selling firearms around. Some ranchers said that this firearm could fire for a week and not need to be reloaded. This, obviously, was false yet this was said on the grounds that the Winchester could hold a considerable amount of ammo. The Colt .45 was likewise a typical firearm in the old west. Cowpokes With Guns :: expositions examine papers fc Cowpokes with Guns during the Wild West      In the Old West, firearms assumed a significant job in the lives of cowpokes. There were different sorts of firearms that cowhands utilized. They fell into two classifications: hand firearm and rifle. The most well-known handguns were the Derringer and the Colt .45; with respect to rifles there was the Winchester. More often than not firearms were utilized for firing creatures for food or quieting the steers. Every so often, a cowhand may need to utilize one against Indians or rustlers. On the path most cowhands would have weapons with them yet they would leave them in the hurl wagon. (The toss wagon was a truck that was as a rule in the rear of the crowd that held the entirety of the cowboy’s products.) They left the weapons in the wagon in light of the fact that the firearms were overwhelming and frequently disrupted the general flow and could be perilous while riding a pony. Most cattle rustlers were not generally excellent with firearms and even one cowpoke messed himself up. The firearm came in helpful however, particularly when a charge happened. The ranchers would ride to the hurl wagon, get their firearms, and proceed to the front of the group where they would shoot three equitably divided shots over the pioneer cattle’s heads. This would for the most part stop the charge. The Derringer was a little gun with an enormous bore that had two barrels, which were equal on a level plane or vertically. It could be laid in the palm of the hand and made a horrible injury when taken shots at short proximity. In certain towns along the path cattle rustlers utilized Hideouts when they needed to turn in their 6-Shooters. A Hideout was a Derringer that was covered up in the boot, a shoulder holster, belt, or hung by a string down the sleeve or coat. Cattle rustlers would wear one so that in the event that somebody blamed them for bamboozling they would have the option to guard themselves. The Winchester was the term utilized for a rifle or carbine. This firearm was extraordinary compared to other selling weapons around. Some cattle rustlers said that this firearm could fire for a week and not need to be reloaded. This, obviously, was false however this was said in light of the fact that the Winchester could hold a considerable amount of ammo. The Colt .45 was likewise an extremely normal weapon in the old west.

Intuniv for ADHD Side Effects and Dosage

Intuniv for ADHD Side Effects and Dosage ADHD Treatment Print How the Non-Stimulant Treatment Intuniv Can Help Children With ADHD By Vincent Iannelli, MD facebook Vincent Iannelli, MD, is a board-certified pediatrician and fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Dr. Iannelli has cared for children for more than 20 years. Learn about our editorial policy Vincent Iannelli, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Hinterhaus Productions / Getty Images Intuniv is a non-stimulant treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  (ADHD). It is a long-acting form of guanfacine, which had previously been used to treat high blood pressure. It was approved by the FDA in September 2009.??  It was initially approved as a once-a-day treatment for children and adolescents who are 6 to 17 years old and have ADHD. In 2011, Intuniv received the new indication for use as adjunctive therapy for ADHD?? , meaning that it could be used with a stimulant ADHD medicine, like Concerta, Focalin, Adderall XR, or Vyvanse, etc. Intuniv for ADHD Other things to know about Intuniv include that: Guanfacine had already used off-label to treat children with ADHD who also have tics, sleep problems, or aggression.Intuniv is a pill, but unlike some other ADHD medications, it can not be crushed, chewed, or broken and must be swallowed whole.??Like Strattera and Kapvay, other non-stimulants for ADHD, Intuniv is not a controlled substance, which can make getting refills easier for parents.Intuniv is available in four dosage strengths: 1 milligram,  2 milligrams, 3 milligrams, and 4 milligrams.??Most children will start Intuniv at the 1-milligram dosage and then increase by 1  milligram each week until they get to a target dose of 3 milligrams or 4 milligrams. Keep in mind that since you may have to increase the dose, it may take three or four weeks to see an improvement in your childs ADHD symptoms once he starts to take Intuniv.In 2013, the FDA allowed more weight-based, flexible pediatric dosing, with maximum doses up to 7 milligrams for older teens. Weight-based target doses rang e from 0.05 to 0.12 milligram/kilogram/day. It is often a benefit of Intuniv, unlike other ADHD medications, especially stimulants like Adderall, Concerta, or Vyvanse, that it does not cause much appetite suppression. That  can make it a good choice for children who have problems gaining weight when taking a stimulant. Intuniv Warnings and Side Effects Side effects of Intuniv most commonly include somnolence (which can occur in up to 38 percent  of patients), headaches, fatigue, upper abdominal pain, nausea, lethargy, dizziness, irritability, decreased blood pressure, and decreased appetite.?? Although somnolence occurs in a large number of children when they start taking Intuniv, it seems to get better as they continue to take it. For some children, this is a benefit, as it helps them fall asleep if they are given their dose at bedtime (Intuniv can either be given in the morning or the evening).?? Warnings about Intuniv include: Intuniv should be used cautiously if your child is at risk for low blood pressure, bradycardia (low heart rate), heart block, or syncope (fainting), and those also taking ketoconazole, rifampin, valproic acid, antihypertensive drugs, or CNS depressants (sedatives, antipsychotics, etc.).Intuniv should not be taken with a high-fat meal.?? It can be taken with water, milk, or other liquids.Intuniv should be discontinued slowly, by decreasing or tapering the dose over several weeks, and should not be stopped suddenly. The Pediatric Focused Safety Review by the FDA in 2018 recommended routine monitoring of Intuniv.?? Should Your Child With ADHD Try Intuniv? Intuniv may be an especially good option if your childs current medication simply isnt working well, he hasnt been able to tolerate other stimulants because of side effects, or if you have been wary of putting your child on a stimulant. As with Tenex, we may also see Intuniv used to treat children with ADHD and tics, sleep problems, or aggression, either by itself or with a stimulant.??

Answering the US Census Is Required by Law

Many people consider the questions from the  U.S. Census Bureau  either too time-consuming or too invasive and fail to respond. But responding to all census questionnaires is required by federal law. While it rarely happens, the Census Bureau can impose fines for failing to answer the census or the American Community Survey or for intentionally providing false information. According to Title 13, Section 221 (Census, Refusal or neglect to answer questions; false answers) of the United States Code, persons who fail or refuse to respond to the mail-back census form, or refuse to respond to a follow-up census taker, could be fined up to $100. Persons who knowingly provided false information to the census can be fined up to $500. But those fines have significantly increased as of 1984. The Census Bureau points out that under  Section 3571 of Title 18, the fine for refusing to answer a bureau survey can be as much as $5,000, and up to $10,000 for knowingly providing false information. Before imposing a fine, the Census Bureau typically attempts to personally contact and interview persons who fail to respond to census questionnaires. Follow-up Visits In the months following each census—which occurs every 10 years—more than 1.5 million census takers make door-to-door visits to all households that failed to respond to mail-back census questionnaires. The Census worker will assist a member of the household—who must be at least 15-years old—in completing the census survey form. Census workers can be identified by a badge and Census Bureau bag. Privacy Persons concerned about  the privacy of their answers should know that, under federal law, all employees and officials of the Census Bureau are prohibited from sharing a persons personal information with anyone else, including welfare agencies, the Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the Internal Revenue Service, courts, police, and the military. Violation of this law carries penalties of $5,000 in fines and up to five years in prison. American Communities Survey Unlike the census, which is conducted every 10 years (as required by Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution), the American Communities Survey (ACS) is now sent annually to more than 3 million U.S. households. Those selected to participate in the ACS first receive a letter in the mail stating, â€Å"In a few days you will receive an American Community Survey questionnaire in the mail.† The letter will go on to state, â€Å"Because you are living in the United States, you are required by law to respond to this survey.† The envelope will boldly remind you that, â€Å"Your response is required by law.† The information requested by the ACS is more extensive and detailed than  the handful of questions on the regular decennial census. The information gathered in the annual ACS focuses mainly on population and housing and is used to update the information gathered by the decennial census. Federal, state and community planners and policymakers find the more recently updated data provided by the ACS more helpful than the often 10-year-old data from the decennial census. The ACS survey includes about 50 questions applying to each person in the household and takes about 40 minutes to complete, according to the Census Bureau, which states: â€Å"Estimates from the ACS contribute to providing an important picture of America, and an accurate response to the ACS questionnaire is important. When used in conjunction with the most recently available decennial census counts, information from the ACS documents how we live as a nation, including our education, housing, jobs, and many other issues.† Online Census While the Government Accountability Office has questioned the cost, the Census Bureau is expected to offer an online response option for the 2020 decennial census. Under this option, people could respond to their census questionnaires by visiting a secure  website. Census officials hope the convenience of the online response option will increase the census response rate, and thus the accuracy of the census. Purpose The census is used to apportion members of the U.S. House of Representatives and for allocating funds for programs to help the needy, elderly, veterans, and more. The statistics also might be used by local governments to decide where infrastructure projects are needed.

Essay on History of Sexuality - 2302 Words

Married Love was an unprecedented book, which inadvertently redefined female sexuality. Often regarded as the precursor of sex-manuals, Married Love launched Stopes’ enormously successful career as a writer. Published in 1918, Married Love reviewed the intertwining relationship of marriage, sex and contraception, which in Stopes’ view were the fundamental components of a fulfilling and rewarding marriage. Like all discourse, Married Love is heavily embedded within a distinct historical and cultural context. Darwinian theory and the development of eugenics had a phenomenal impact on Stopes. Recognising the equal sexual desire of women would make Married Love greatly influential in the shaping of modern perceptions into female sexuality.†¦show more content†¦Known as the Two Sex theory, devised by historian Thomas Laqueur, female sexuality would be characterized purely by a woman’s reproductive potential, where the concept of an innate maternal instinct wo uld become the new prioritized ideal. The female orgasm was renounced by a new essence of masculine superiority. This notion can be asserted with the Phallocentric inclination of the late 18th century, examined by historian Tim Hitchcock, as period characterized by penetration and precedence of the phallus. This â€Å"both encouraged and made possible the denigration of female sexuality and perceived passivity.† Consequently this caused the de-emphasis of female sexual pleasure and desire. However, female sexual identity would reemerge with potency, attributed to social flux, the emerging field of sexology and disposition of the interwar years. Stopes actively sought to reprimand the misconstrued assumptions of female sexuality as she considered female desire â€Å"profound as hunger of food† . She elaborated on this in chapter IV, titled the Fundamental Pulse. Within this chapter Stopes discusses research regarding female acceptability towards sex during the different stages of hormonal and menstrual cycles. This would become what Stopes termed as the ‘Law of Periodicity of Recurrence ofShow MoreRelatedHistory of Sexuality3607 Words   |  15 Pagesof the 80s incited a discourse in which homosexuality was re-articulated, re-negotiated, and unmistakably re-repressed (Davis 3). Supreme Court judgment and actions taken by Congress with the Dont Ask, Dont Tell policy exemplify theories of sexuality and power expressed in the philosophies of Michel Foucault. Foucault was a French-born philosopher historian. He examined social institutions such as medicine, psychiatry, the prison system, and the human sciences in general. Specifically heRead MoreA History of Sexuality Essay1960 Words   |  8 Pages Unlike sex, the history of sexuality is dependant upon society and limited by its language in order to be defined and understood. In his paper which is called Is There A History of Sexuality, Halperin drew a distinction between the topics of sexuality and of sex. He claimed that the two concepts are separate ideas. In Halperins view, sex is a natural function that has not changed in many years, if ever at all. He says that sex â€Å"is a natural fact, grounded in the functioning of the body, and asRead More Society and Sexuality in Waiting for the Barbarians and The History of Sexuality1163 Words   |  5 PagesSociety and Sexuality in Waiting for the Barbarians, and The History of Sexuality  Ã‚   Within our modern minds reside two very different ways in which we deal with the subject of sexuality. The conceptual framework of modern society, to some extent, has developed out of past notions about the body. We can see that springing from our historical roots, issues concerning sexuality have been dealt with through mutual feelings of desire and disgust. The relationship between these two opposed feelingsRead MoreThe History Of Sexuality By Michel Foucault1729 Words   |  7 PagesVictorians†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ chapter of the book entitled â€Å"The History of Sexuality† by Michel Foucault seeks to explain the traditional and modern issues regarding sexuality. Michel argues out that during the 17th century, sexuality was not a big deal, and various sexual acts were pursued more or less deliberately. Primarily, there was no taboo concerning sex and people of all age groups including children were well aware of sexual behaviours. Michel then points out that sexuality was now shifted to the homes where it wasRead MoreThe History Of Sexuality, By Michel Foucault1346 Words   |  6 PagesIn the History of Sexuality Vol. 1, Michel Foucault writes the body as a constructed and manipulated agent, the locus of sociopolitical discourse and power. To Foucault, the body cannot exist before the law (that which holds and ascribes its meaning). Similarly, sexuality cannot free itself from relations of power (Butler 1989:603). Indeed, the body is culturally contested; it is incapable of independence from any particular structuralized narrative. The ubiquitous yet uncertain subject of sex,Read MoreThe Controversial History Behind Sexuality1951 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout history, sexuality has been an extremely discussed and disputed topic. In the United States, views on gays and lesbians have fluctuated as social norms changed and adapted rapidly as the nation grew into a major international superpower. Even today, the topic of sexuality is one of the most controversial and progressive movements sweeping the country as more and more states pass laws allowing the marriage of gay and lesbian couples. This essay will attempt to delve into the controversialRead MoreA Long History Of Sexuality Is Conditioned And Inhibited By A Complicated History1402 Words   |  6 Pagesthink about sexuality is conditioned and inhibited by a complicated history and, to make our problems worse, that history is in the power of those who have necessarily been antagonistic to women for a very long time. Males generally have been economically and socially superior to women since they became the primary producers and possessors of private property.† (Murphy Robinson, 1984: 251) One of Western societies biggest social taboos is sex. Even more so, there is a long history of repressedRead MoreThe Perception of Human Sexuality throughout History1030 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history it is evident that human sexuality changes do to religious, governmental and societal influences. The perception of human sexuality has gone through many changes such as being very open and unlabeled activity; to being very â€Å"conservative† and a topic that shouldn’t be talked about in public or at all. In any case, human sexuality has always been a topic of interest because humans are sexual beings who want to understand the consciousness of themselves as male or female and seeRead More The Introduction to the History of Sexuality by Foucault Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Introduction to the History of Sexuality, Foucault explains how during the 19th century with the raise of new societies, the discourse or knowledge about sex was not confronted wi th repulsion but it â€Å"put into operation an entire machinery for producing true discourses concerning sex† (Foucault 69). In fact, this spreading of discourse on sexuality itself gives a clear account of how sexuality has been controlled and confined because it was determined in a certain kind of knowledge that carriesRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Sexual : A History Of Sexuality Essay2012 Words   |  9 PagesThe Importance of Being Sexual: A History of Sexuality Sex is the force that drives the continuation of humanity, and sexuality is an integral part of human life. Next to survival, the most primitive primal human instinct is sex. Sexuality is something carnal and pervasive, something that is responsible for and touches the lives of everyone. Understanding its history, its relativity to culture and era, and its fluidity of meaning is vital to gaining and composing a full understanding of the behaviors

Globalisation of Entertainment Industry in India Free Essays

GLOBALISATION OF ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY IN INDIA INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALISATION(HSS F317) Submitted By: Submitted To: * Sankalp Bhatia Mr. T. Chakraborty * Tanish Anand Department of Humanities and Languages * Manas Lohani * Akshit Sandooja * Keshav Khanna ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A comprehensive report always requires the goodwill, encouragement, guidance and support of many people. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalisation of Entertainment Industry in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now We would like to thank the Instructor in-charge of the course, Mr. Tathagato Chakraborty for allowing us to explore new aspects about report writing through this exercise. We are grateful to our instructor for giving an opportunity to prepare a report on the topic â€Å"Globalisation of Entertainment Industry in India†. Also, we would like to thank him for his unflinching support and guidance. We also acknowledge with gratitude the consistent cooperation received from the BITS Library staff. The books they provided us served as an ideal data source which helped us throughout in the development of this report. We wish to express our appreciation to the enormous help given by our friends who spared a great amount of their valuable time in going through the manuscript and providing suggestions. CONTENTS * Introduction * Indian Film Industry * Current Situation * Emergence of new sources of income * Digitalisation of screens and increase in the number of screens * Foreign Investment * Shooting in foreign locations * Emerging 3D cinema and Advanced VFX * New Market Techniques * Indian Music Industry * Effect on Bollywood * Effect on Indian classical music * Effect on musical instruments * Indian Television Industry * Overview * Entry of foreign players * Case Study – Star Network * Rating Wars * Foreign content and storylines Challenges faced by the industry * Case study on viewership in Delhi * Bibliography The Globalisation of Indian Entertainment and Media (EM)Industry-An introduction India’s entertainment economy is growing rapidly, and the world is taking note. The country is among the world’s youngest nations, with more than half a billion people under the age of 25. With favorable demographics and a rise in disposable incomes, the propensity to spe nd on leisure and entertainment is growing faster than the economy itself. Enticed by economic liberalization and the huge volume of demand for leisure and entertainment, many of the global media giants are starting to set shop in this country, once known as a land of snake charmers. In recent years, the Indian entertainment and media (EM) industry has out-performed the Indian economy and companies from all over the globe are increasingly envisioning their growth linked to emerging and developing giants like India, which is why they are now focused on growing and branding their businesses in this market. The EM industry-The major segments The media and entertainment industry consists of many different segments under its folds such as television, print, and films. It also includes smaller segments like radio, music, OOH(Out of Home Media is an advertising medium which reaches out to the ‘difficult-to-reach’ and  SEC A  consumers wherever they are, thus offering the advertiser an all day primetime. ), animation, gaming and visual effects (VFX) and Internet advertising. [1]  Entertainment Industry in India has registered an explosive growth in last two decades making it one of the fastest growing industries in India. From a single state owned channel, Doordarshan in the 1990s to more than 400 active channels,the EM industry is galloping, even through tough times when others are facing recession. SIZE OF INDUSTRY The domestic entertainment industry was estimated at nearly Rs 225. 0 billion and provided employment opportunities for nearly 6. 0 million people in the year 1999. In terms of foreign exchange earnings, the industry contributed around Rs 4,000. 0 million in the year 1999. In the year 2008, the EM Industry stood at INR 584 billion, a growth of almost 12. %,every subsequent year. Over the next few years, this industry is projected to grow at a CAGR of 12. 5% reach the size of INR 1152 billion by 2017. PROPELLERS OF GROWTH-The major Factors The growth in this sector of the Indian economy has been propelled by a number of factors such as :(a)the corporatization of the film industry, (b)a booming television sector, (c)a fast growing radio sector, (d)a expanding market for print products and other technological changes such as the advent of digital technology. Some of the significant changes include the emergence of new niche content genres such as reality television; the India Premier League (IPL), with cricket emerging as a mainstream entertainment genre; internationalization of Indian media and an increased production of content for global audience, launch of TV channels such as NDTV Arabia and NDTV Malaysia, launch of German edition of Filmfare magazine in 2008 and co-production and production of Hollywood movies by Indian players; and a substantial increase in Foreign Direct Investment into the Indian media sector. With $88 million of FDI flowing into the media sector in the last three years, increased density of alternative delivery platforms and digitization are collectively changing consumption patterns in the entertainment industry across India. Media sectors,regarded as â€Å"sunset† sectors in mature markets,are flourishing in India. For example,the newspaper industry,which is rapidly declining in other developed countries, is flourishing in India, on account of increasing literacy levels, consumer spending and the growth of regional markets and specialty newspapers. Newspapers account for 42% of all advertising spend in India, the most of any medium. INDIAN TELEVISION INDUSTRY Television is one of the major segments of the Indian entertainment industry and has thousands of programs in all the states of India. India is the third largest television market in the world. [5]The small screen has produced numerous celebrities of their own kind with some even attaining national fame. TV soaps are extremely popular with housewives as well as working women. The increasing popularity in the satellite cable television segment has been a major cause for the high growth in this industry. The cable subscriber base has increased from around 0. 05 million in the early 90s’ to around 24. 0 million in the year 1999-2000 is further estimated to increase to nearly 120. 0 million by the end of 2013. With the rapid proliferation of channels (over 75), and the privatization of DD, growth in this segment is projected to be rather high. Indian Film Industry â€Å"You are not a true Indian if u don’t follow cricket or bollywood† This is the impact the film industry has had on the minds of Indian people. Indians love to watch movies. With the advent of improved technologies in all aspects from film production (Rise of 3D cinema, Advent of digital cinema and the growth of multiplexes)to marketing(wanna see a movie and all stores are closed buy it on the google playstore,or watch it online!! ),the increased corporatisation of industry(Collaboration with international studios: International film studios such as Warner Bros. , Disney, Fox and Dreamworks etc) and Resurgence of regional cinema, the Indian Film Industry has become the biggest contributor in the growth of the EM indusry. GOING GAGA-THE BOOM IN RADIO INDUSTRY One of the major drivers that have helped the media industry in India canter along at a blistering pace has been the good old radio. AM, FM and even Satellite Radio have made a huge impact on the Industry in India. The stage is set for major revenue growth among the various Radio Channels. In fact what we are seeing is not some newfound love for the old medium but just the natural uncoiling of the market after the liberalisation and privatisation of the industry Everything is new and nice at the moment. People in India today are spoilt for choice. Be it any media platform they have a stack of channels to choose from. In fact listening to FM Radio in India is very  weird, as it seems too â€Å"clean† without the usual news on the hour. Talking about  weird  of all the things Satellite Radio is here. WORLDSPACE has got around 65000 subscribers in India. That’s two thirds of its entire audience around the world. People like it because it is clean without commercials. In most developed markets though where broadband penetration is high people have access to thousands of radio channels via the Internet. Satellite radio hence does not generally do well there. The other limitations of satellite radio are the unavailability of portable devices in the country. THE MUSIC INDUSTRY The Indian entertainment industry is incomplete without the inclusion of music. Music,since the 90s has become the integral part of the Indian cinema. you will have to search hard to find an indian movie that doesn’t incorporate a song. its not just the mentality of producers, it’s the public demand that drives the producers to include songs, whether its justified or not. Over the years, the importance of music has only increased, especially in case of the movie industry. Of late, movies have gone on to become huge successes largely on the backdrop of good music. While the popularity of film music increased, it also resulted in the growth of other segments such as remix, Indi-pop etc. Distributors Despite major changes occurring in the industry, most of the audience is still dependent on distribution network . Since timing is a very crucial factor here, only the companies with wider reach are able to thrive and generate profits. As distribution companies retain a major part of the profits generated in this industry, majority of them have diversified into setting up of their own retail stores. HMV is a pioneer in this area and has an excellent chain of stores at its disposal. This strategy has helped the companies to gauge the consumers’ changing perceptions and revamp their product offerings to meet the popular demand. Exchange of talent Globalisation has helped the music production companies to share the international pool of talent. The rate of usage of international talent increased tremendously after the 1990’s. Later, many artists’ internationally renowned artists have featured in Indian songs and vice versa. A. R. Rahman composed and produced music for the film  Slumdog Millionaire and  Resul Pookutty mixed the sound for the same film. Such examples display not only the impact of global companies on the indian industries, but that of Indians on the global stage. HINDI FILM INDUSTRY Current Situation :-The Hindi film Industry popularly known as â€Å"Bollywood† is the main contributor to the Indian film industry after regional language film industries like Bengali, Tamil, Telegu and Marathi. The Indian film industry is projected to grow at a CAGR of 10. 1 per cent to touch INR 150 Billion in 2016. The industry was estimated to be INR 93 billion in 2011 indicating a growth of 11. 5 per cent as compared to 2010. Although the country’s filmed entertainment industry is the largest in the world in terms of the number of films it produces (about 900) and its theatrical admissions (around 3 billion), it continues to be small in size in terms of revenue, mainly due to low ticket realization and occupancy levels. Moreover, lack of quality content and rising competition from Hollywood films continue to affect it. Source:-The Indian Bollywood Industry, DIBD-OMI, May 2012. However, one cannot underestimate the changes that have taken place in the Indian cinema due the fast globalizing or westernizing world. After Indian economy opened its gates for the rest of the world, a lot investment in terms of technology and funds have entered into the industry. Although 22 years since 1991 might seem a small time frame in the film industry, but it remains quite significant in terms of the progresses made. With more awareness, Bollywood has realized that it is necessary to create an ambience in the movies, so the movies target both the Indian culture as well as a more international culture overseas. Hence over the last 10 years Bollywood has become more international and has begun targeting a more global audience than before. Films like K3G, Kal ho na ho, My Name is Khan, Salaam Namaste, and recently Cocktail, have been a success in the overseas market mainly because of their portrayal of Indians living abroad. Bollywood films are not only watched by people in India, but also neighbouring countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka watch the movies. Moreover, countries with large groups of Hindi and Urdu speaking population like Australia, UK, Africa and the US have many Bollywood fans. And countries like Russia and Japan are also buyers of Bollywood productions. Now, with the ever transforming world and tastes of the the viewers, the Indian film industry is trying its level best to match up to the needs. Some of the changes seen in the recent times are which can be attributed to globalisation are:- 1. Emergence of new source of income. Although revenues from the theatre segment constitute around 60% of the overall revenue for a movie, other revenue streams have begun to make a meaningful contribution. The trend of selling satellite and home-video rights prior to release gained momentum in 2010, and has enabled producers to involve lesser risks in their business models. Most of the revenues of the films are now earned within the first week itself which gives the film producers a chance to sell TV rights and air the movies earlier than before. A lot of films are now premiered very soon after they are being released and the satellite rights are sold well before the movies are released . Due to this, piracy is not that big an issue that it was a few years ago. Owing to these strategies, 2012 proved to be a good year for Bollywood with 6 movies crossing the 100 crore mark. Source-KPMG 2. Digitalisation of screens and increase in the number of screens. To fight ne of the threats of piracy which was one way or the other because of other sources of information like internet, the film industry now a days do not send their physical prints at the theatres, rather they are relayed through satellite technologies like UFO. This has increased the no. of screens in which the movie runs many folds. Consider the case of Salman Khan’s first movie Maine Pyar Ki ya which released across 500 screens in India and compare it with Ek tha tiger which opened to a record 3300 screens . The growth of multiplexes has improved the movie-going experience for Indian audiences and has led to increase per-ticket realization. Rising urbanization and growing disposable incomes are also driving increased investments in multiplexes. In addition, theatres with low seating capacities allow cost-effective screening of movies that are targeted at niche audiences. However, there is still further ground to be covered. The average number of screens per million in India is presently12, as compared to the global average of 54 screens per million. The number of multiplex screens in India is expected to increase from 1,000 in 2010 to 1,405 by 2013. Source: KPMG 3. Foreign Investment : With the liberalisation of indian economy in the 90s, we have seen that international film studios like Warner Bros. , Disney, Fox and DreamWorks have entered into collaborations with local film production houses to develop Hindi and regional movies. â€Å"Saawariya†, in 2007 was the first Hollywood produced Bollywood movie in India. â€Å"My Name is Khan†, produced by Fox Star Studios was a huge success both in India and abroad. Walt Disney, who earlier held a 50% stake in UTV, has now acquired a controlling stake in UTV Software Communications. Viacom18 has also entered a deal with the global movie company Paramount Pictures to market and distribute the latter’s movies in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. It has already ventured into production of Hindi language movies, and the new deal is expected to help create a distribution network. Local film production can benefit from the experience of these international studios to expand their international reach and incorporate enhanced project planning and cost controls. In a process to make India a filming destination, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting is looking for setting up a Film Commission that will initially act as a single-window clearance agency to issue permits for shooting. At present, international producers need to seek many approvals. While they require script approvals from the ministries like IB Ministry and the Ministry of External Affairs, cast and crew approvals are required from the Ministry of Home Affairs. Based on the kind of shots and location, they need approvals from Customs Department, the Archaeological Survey of India besides several other local and State authorities. Following excerpt from a newspaper depicts how creating such a single window clearance system can affect the Indian Filmmakers. Source: HT City, Hindustan Times, 14th April, 2013 4. Shooting in foreign locations, a boost for tourism In the recent past, many films have been extensively shot in foreign locations: Movie Country Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara Spain Rockstar Czech Republic RA. OneUnited Kingdom Don 2 Germany Ek Main Aur Ek Tu United States of America Worldwide, countries offer various incentives to encourage film producers to use their locations to shoot films. Incentives are offered in the following forms: †¢ Cash rebates – where a certain percentage of expenditure in a country is provided as rebate to the film producers †¢ Tax credits – where a percentage of expenditure in a country is allowed as credit against the income. †¢ Exemption from or refund of VAT and Customs duty. †¢ Interest free loans †¢ Soft funding – negotiated tourism benefits, such as easier processing of visas, and discounts on accommodation and travel. Benefits of film incentives regime:- Boost to the tourism industry: Films shot in foreign locations depict diversity, history and landscapes of a country which help in increasing tourism in a country. * Benefits to the economy: Inflow of foreign exchange. * Boost to local film production : For example, the success of Slumdog Millionaire, which was shot in India and was a collaboration between Hollywood and Indian film technicians, helped the Indian film production houses secur e more business. * Technological exchange * Creation of employment opportunity: Hiring of local technicians. Cultural Exchange Some Facts:- * The flow of Indian tourists to Australia increased by 20% from 2004–2006, especially after the success of Salaam Namaste. * The production of Heyy Babyy injected around US$2. 1 million into the state’s economy where it was shot. * Switzerland hosts around 150,000 tourists from India and large number of Bollywood movies are shot in the country every year. * Many US states such as California, New York, Michigan,Nevada and Utah offer incentives to film and television production companies from India. Many Bollywood movies have been shot in the US including My Name is Khan, Kabhi alvida na kehna, Kal ho na ho, to name a few. 5. Emerging 3D cinema and Advanced VFX:- 3D is a prominent theme these days and has demonstrated its significant potential with benefits such as increased audience engagement, increased ticket prices and the exclusivity of the medium, i. e, the theaters. The success of Avatar has taken 3D movie-making to new heights. Multiplexes could look at the feasibility of investing larger amounts on 3D screens to meet the growing demand to view 3D. There is an emerging market for 3D movies in India with movies like Any Body Can Dance, Dangerous Ishqq, Ra. One and Haunted-3D. A new window of opportunity could open up if Bollywood is able to produce high quality 3D content. The visual effects (VFX) industry is a rapidly growing segment in India. It includes the creation of live action imagery by using computer-generated effects. It is increasingly being used by the visual media in India and can be classified into the following verticals — movies, TV shows and advertisements. The segment is still at its nascent stage with mainly low-end work being done in India. Domestic consumption is small, and therefore, the bulk of the work includes outsourced projects from the US and the UK. However, the domestic market is seeing bigger budget movies and ad campaigns, which are now open to spend more on VFX to provide an enhanced visual experience to viewers. There has been a significantly high growth in the number of VFX companies operating in India. According to some estimates, there are more than 40 major domestic VFX companies catering to the needs of domestic and international clients. Currently, India accounts for only around 10% of the total animation and VFX outsourcing pie. However, there is scope for growth and the amount of work coming to India from Hollywood is on the rise. In late 2011, VenSat Tech Services, a VFX company, joined hands with Reliance MediaWorks Limited to set up a VFX, computer graphics and animation team. 6. New Market Techniques. With more Hollywood movies getting released in India, Indian movies are adopting newer marketing techniques like selling merchandises, video games, toys etc. The indian film Ra. One was a first of its kind campaign with a complete 360 degree approach. Films like Harry Potter, Shrek, Superman, Batman have been successfully using this approach for their campaigns. EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON INDIAN MUSIC Effect on Bollywood One distinguishing feature of Indian films has always been its music. While the musical lost its dominance as a genre in Hollywood in the early 1960s, largely due to the advent of rock music, Indian music scenario saw no such change. With the advent of â€Å"talkies†, Indian films started incorporating songs as an important element of the narrative. The sets and costumes, action scenes, presentation of stars, grandiloquent dialogues, and song and dance sequences became the main attraction in a movie for the fans. Song sequences are used for several purposes in films. Sometimes a song is a narrative part of the film; other times it is used as a dream sequence, or the lovers’ fantasy. Sometimes they function to allow an expression of feeling that cannot be articulated otherwise—notably the declaration of love. When music channels like MTV and V on cable and FM radio started roadcasting in India, the Hindi film music gained even more popularity. The music is important economically since the sale of music rights may recover a good part of the budget of the film. Recently, the film industry has been pre-releasing soundtracks for films along with music videos(which are basically clips of the songs from the film) some months in advance. This heightens pre-release interest among audiences and act as advertisements of the f ilm. The latest trend that has been started is that of â€Å"Item Numbers†. The overt hypersexualization of the song-dance sequence is a kind of â€Å"MTVization† of Hindi film music; the song is packaged as a 5-minute video which can advertise the film and be sold as an independent commodity. A musical industry old timer has said â€Å"Whereas in older song-and-dance sequence the erotic had an element of coy and the tentative, today the erotic has in it elements of rank sexuality, brutish pride, and vulgarity. Naked feet adorned by anklets have been replaced with high leather boots and the pelvic thrusts display the hunger of a newly-unleashed sexuality. As in other spheres, in the theatre of sexuality, the Indian adventure with globalization is on display† Item numbers have become economic necessity for film producers, singers, and music directors who want to market themselves to a global audience, to globalize the appeal of Hindi film music, and to attract younger, upwardly mobile, city-based audiences. The song-dance sequences have taken on an â€Å"international† look, using a multi-cultural dance cast and hip hop-influenced clothing. Such tastes and representations are far too alien to the rural and lower middle class audiences. Effect on Indian Classical Music Indian culture has been attached with music since long time, with traditional Indian music being the most famous among Indians till the time globalization hit the country. Western culture followers are increasing in India due to adoptive nature of Indian consumers. Though the number of youth listening to traditional Indian music may have declined but globalization has acted as a two way street in its truest sense. Indian classical musical instruments like veena, sitar and table have been incorporated heavily into the â€Å"World Music† genre which focuses on fusion and bringing out the spiritual side of music. Artists like Pandit Ravi Shankar, Pandit Amjad Ali Khan, Bismillah Khan and Zakir Hussain are renowned and respected globally. The situation surrounding the traditional classical music of India continues to change due to the remarkable advances made in methods of information dissemination and communication, among these the rapid growth of the Internet. Some critiques say that the commercialization of Indian music seems to have led to the monopolization of the market by a small numbers of â€Å"stars. Over the last ten years, it has in large part been the same small group of musicians who have been performing concerts in major cities. The popularization of Indian music has led too to changes in performance styles and audiences appreciation. This includes, for example, shortened performances, the traditional raga time concept meaningless, and an overemphasis on technique. Serious practitioners and students of Indian music, in particular Hindustani music, have increased dramatically th roughout the world. This is evident from the increasing number of Indian musicians traveling abroad to perform and record. In some Western educational institutions, Hindustani music has already been established as a formal area of study, and research is being done to determine the most effective methods of education in this discipline. In light of this trend, the traditional master/pupil method, Guru-Shishya-Parampara, has proved to be something of a controversial problem. Effect on Musical Instruments Increasing globalization ; increasing use of internet have resulted in changing the taste of music lovers; ultimately influencing their musical instrument choices. Gradually, the appetite for playing western music instrument has been fulfilled with the increase in number of western music schools. India western musical instruments market has been anticipated to reach INR 542. 84 Crore by 2017. TELEVISION AND GLOBALISATION OVERVIEW Media imperialism is a sub category of under the broader category of media imperialism. The conventional view was that it was the global (particularly US) media that dominated and the technologies associated with it that were imperialistic and ruled the world. But the scenario was changing on the advent of 1990s due to nationalised media arising and getting promoted. Al-Jazeera was founded in 1996 and is a Qatar based company. Bollywood is seen as an answer to Hollywood. Reuters is major news company founded in Britain. Times of India is the world’s 3rd largest circulating paper. † These are some examples to name a few of the changing global media trend. Since the advent of television in 1920s it has been a source of news and entertainment. Majority of the channels were state funded and had little commercial use. After the arrival of globalisation television was changed, as the viewers were seen as a mode of income from advertisements and this began a war of TV ratings among the channel providers began. They turned the political struggle for television into a battle for market shares with an increasing international orientation. The liberalisation of television in association with the development of new broadcasting technologies led to a multitude of competing TV stations and to a diversity of available programmes. Private broadcasters’ dependence on funding by adverts caused a commercialisation of TV and shifted the focus of programming to ratings, which have become an all-dominant factor. The constant search for new ways of attracting viewers’ attention favours sensational topics and resulted in a variety of new programme formats. India was one of the most affected countries due to this trend. Ramayana and Mahabharata were the first major TV series in India. 1980s saw the arrival of popular shows like Hum Paanch, bharat ek khoj which made the viewers engrossed in them. ENTRY OF FOREIGN PLAYERS In 1991 the government allowed private and foreign broadcasters to engage in limited operations in India. This was the first step of globalisation of Indian TV industry as this led to the entry of major foreign players such as CNN, STAR TV and domestic private enterprises such as ETV, ZEE. In 1999–2003, other international channels such as Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network, VH1, Disney and Toon Disney entered the market. Starting in 2003, there has been an explosion of news channels in various languages; the most notable among them are  NDTV,  CNN IBN  and  Aaj Tak. The most recent channels/networks in the Indian broadcasting industry include UTV Movies, UTV Bindass, Zoom, Colours, 9X and 9XM. CASE STUDY- STAR TV STAR TV is an US based company owned by Rupert Murdoch’s News Corp. It currently has 35 channels in 7 languages with around 400 million viewers in India â€Å"courtesy http://www. tartv. com/aboutus. aspx. † They currently own one of the most viewed channels of India such as Star Plus, Star Gold, Star Movies, Star world, Channel [V] to name a few. It is the leading TV channel in terms of no. of channels and viewers in India with hit shows such as Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi, Star Voice of India and 24X7 movies. RATING WARS Entertainm ent channels form the largest part of Indian TV industry with foreign and domestic players both. They broadcast daily shows which are mainly targeted to the family audience particularly ladies called â€Å"Soap Operas†. This is a huge source of revenue and entertainment as most of the advertisements are shown in this time slot making this a win-win situation for everybody. These not only include popular Hindi shows such as Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi or Kahaani Ghar Ghar Ki but also in other languages such as Punjabi, Marathi and English such as Ugly Betty, 90210, Damini. The popularity of these serials is evident from the data shown above. Source: TAM peopleter system, GEC Ratings (April 22-28) One of the major sources of entertainment is the sports channels which are dedicated to the world of sports. There are 20 sports channels till date with the majority owned by the foreign powerhouses such as ESPNSTAR (owned by FOX network), SONY SIX. Children’s interest channels  are  television  specialty channels  that present children’s interest content. This market is almost entirely owned by foreign companies such as Cartoon Network, Nickelodeon. The NEWS channels are the ones which have most of the domestic companies and have one of the fiercest rivalries among them. Other channels include dedicated to music, movies, sci-fi and general info. Majority of them are owned by foreign TNC’s such as MTV, Discovery, and HBO. All of these are owned by foreign media conglomerates and are one of the most viewed channels in India. All of these are owned by foreign media conglomerates and are one of the most viewed channels in India. FOREIGN CONTENT AND STORYLINES The content of the channels are also influenced by the global trends. In most of the cases either the storyline or the format of successful foreign shows are copied. Some of the examples are as shown below: * Jassi jaisi koi nahi – Ugly Betty * Big boss – Big brother * Indian idol – American idol * India’s got talent – Americas got talent Fear factor – Fear factor * Masterchef India – Masterchef Australia The viewership of English sitcoms are on the rise in the young generation such as Friends, HIMYM due to the rising English speaking population which has increased the revenues of these channels such as STAR World, AXN. On the rise is the viewership of movies both Hindi and English as evident from the exorbitant prices channels are paying for the television premiers of the movies. The sports TV industry is one of the fastest growing industries due to huge fan following also known as â€Å"popular culture†. The increase of number of sports channel in India is rapid. Cricket and football has proved itself as a huge source of revenue generation as perceived from the data below. IPL, world cup, BPL are huge attractions for advertisers and they are willing to invest in them. And majority of them are the TNCs who spare the big bucks. Top 5 most viewed events in 2010-2011 in India 2011 cricket world cup final – 67. 6 million viewers| Budget 2011 – 37 million| Commonwealth 2010 opening ceremony – 30 million| IPL 3 final – 9. 6 million| 2010 FIFA world cup final – 1. 5 million| Source: aMap data, Times of India Also the emergence of debating style of news presentation can be seen as an effect of globalisation. Now majority of the news channel present debates in their primetime slots so as to include various opinions. This has been a huge success. Also the technological advancement in television industry such as digitalization has improved the services offered which has also led to increased viewership. This is a direct result of globalization as the technology and information is transferred between nations. CHALLENGES FACED BY THE INDUSTRY But the television industry faces many challenges due to globalization. * Main disadvantage is the accumulation of power in few foreign media conglomerates which hinders the growth of domestic market. Few Indian companies have been able to establish themselves in front of the global power. * The media sometimes become biased and influence the public opinion. For example in Saddam Hussein case media houses passionately supported US in their operation and thus took people on US side without telling the full story. * Also the advent of reality TV shows has increased their share which results in disproportionation. Time should be divided suitably for all types of entertainment which is not so in the present scenario. * TV has not yet been able to penetrate the rural parts of India due to lack of connectivity which is needed as it acts as a source of information. * Also in this century of internet viewers are migrating to web services. This has resulted formation of web portals of channels which is not encouraging to the TV industry. CASE STUDY ON VIEWERSHIP IN DELHI The figures below show the impact of television in the three major metropolitans and show type wise distribution of channels in Delhi. Source: www. amindia. com Bibliography n. d. http://www. indiantelevision. com. n. d. http://www. startv. com. n. d. www. tamindia. com. Film Industry In India: New Horizons. Ernst ; Young Pvt Ltd. , 2011. Google Images. n. d. http://images. google. co. in/. HT City. â€Å"Foreigners First, But What about us? † April 14, 2013. Indian Express. â€Å"IPL 6. † April 8, 2013. Reseasrch and Markets-Market research reports. n. d. http://researchandmarkets. com. Ritzer, George. â€Å"Globalization a basic text. † n. d. Vogg, Ejvind. The Indian Bollywood Industry. DIBD, 2012. Wikipedia, The free Encyclopedia. n. d. http://wikipedia. org. How to cite Globalisation of Entertainment Industry in India, Papers

Research Paper on Bessie Smith Essay Example

Research Paper on Bessie Smith Essay Elizabeth â€Å"Bessie† Smith, born April 15, 1894 in Chattanooga, Tennessee, died 26 September 1937 in Clarksdale, Mississippi, was an American singer, one of the great jazz and blues singers. Even at age 13, she went on tour with another great blues singer, Ma Rainey. She began recording discs in 1923 and was for the rest of the decade, a big seller for the company Columbia for which she did all of her recordings (her last recordings from 1933 were released by the label Okeh, but it was owned by Columbia). She appeared on film in 1929 in St. Louis Blues. If you want to write a good research paper on the topic you have to know that Bessie Smith sang a dramatic, deeply melancholic form of the blues and was called The Empress of the Blues. During the depression her popularity decreased. Bessie Smith died after an auto accident. By some accounts, she bled to death when they refused to take her to a hospital only for whites. This version has been questioned by several other sources who claim that she bled to death already on his way to the hospital. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Bessie Smith specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Bessie Smith specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Bessie Smith specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Smith has remained a big blue icon and served as a model not only for blues singers like Billie Holiday, but also for female singers in completely different genres such as Kajsa Dawned. The tragic death in 1959 prompted Edward Albee to the one-act play The Death of Bessie Smith, in which the variant is expressed that access to a clinic for whites was forbidden for the dying singer. Bernard Malamud quoted in â€Å"The Tenants† on the cover page of his novel: â€Å"I got to make it, I got to find the end†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The singer Janis Joplin, a great admirer of Bessie Smith wanted visit her grave in 1970 and discovered alleged that her idol had been buried anonymously. Thereupon Joplin put a grave stone for the deceased, which bears the inscription: â€Å"The greatest blues singer in the world will never cease to sing – Bessie Smith – 1894-1937.† According to other sources, a nurse from Philadelphia paid the half of the costs with Joplin and after she had asked her to pay, the other half. Rick Danko and Robbie Robertson of The Band publish along with Bob Dylan on the album The Basement Tapes, recorded in 1967 in the basement of the legendary Big Pink, a song called â€Å"Bessie Smith.† Norah Jonescoverte sings this song at her concerts. Life and Death of Bessie Smith are the subject of the jazz opera Cosmopolitan Greetings by Allen Ginsberg (libretto), George Gruntz (jazz) and Rolf Liebermann (twelve-tone), premiered in 1988 in Hamburg. The accompanying Album The World’s Greatest Blues Singer, a compilation of her best known titles, in 1971 received a Grammy. Free sample research papers on Bessie Smith is a good way to learn more on the topic. At EssayLib.com writing service you can get a high-quality custom research paper on Bessie Smith topics. Your research paper will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research paper assistance at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all paper details: Enjoy professional research paper writing service!